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find Keyword "支气管炎" 27 results
  • Phase Ⅱ Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Anti-Tussive Effect of Total Alkaloid Agent Extracted from Papaver Somniferum L. on Simple Chronic Bronchitis

    Objective To evaluate the anti-tussive effect of a total alkaloid agent extracted from Papaver Somniferum L. on simple chronic bronchitis of which the syndrome was counterflow ascent of lung qi according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods Randomised, double blind method, placebo control and add on design were applied. Forty-five patients with counterflow ascent of lung qi of simple chronic bronchitis were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n=21) with alkaloid agent and control group (n=24) with placebo. Results The incidences of obvious coughing in treatment and control groups were 66.67% and 70.83% (P=0.763 3) respectively. The cough alleviation time of patients was 14.64±16.30 h and 15.12±15.28 h (P=0.795 6) respectively. The loss of cough rates on the third day was 28.57%, 16.67% (P=0.337 7) respectively. The average scores decreased were 4.29 and 2.88 (P=0.054 8) respectively. Conclusions The study indicates that total alkaloid agent extracted from Papaver somniferum L. has no significant anti-tussive effect on patients with counterflow ascent of lung qi of simple chronic bronchitis treated with cefaclor sustained release capsules simultaneously. The trial was interrupted by the advice from experts who disagreed with the selection of drug indication.

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:25 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Methylprednisolone Alleviates Airway Inflammation of Chronic Bronchitis by Inhibiting the Expression of Phosphodiesterase 4D in Rats

    Objective To investigate the effects of methylprednisolone on airway inflammation of chronic bronchitis in rats, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, ie. a blank control group, amethylprednisolone control group, a model group, and two methylprednisolone intervention groups. Chronic bronchitis model was established by cigarette inhalation in the model group and two intervention groups. Methylprednisolone was injected intraperitoneally in the two intervention groups before exposing to cigarette smog ( at the dose of 1 mg/ kg and 10 mg/ kg, qd,respectively) . The protein expression of phosphodiesterase 4D ( PDE4D ) in trachea and lung samples was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The average optical density of positive staining of PDE4D was determined by image analysis technique and gray scale scanning. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) was collected for total and differential cell counts, and the concentrations of TNF-αand interleukin-8 ( IL-8) in BALF were detected by ELISA. Results Cigarette smoking induced obvious airway inflammation in themodel group, and the inflammation was alleviated in the two methylprednisolone intervention groups.Compared with the two control groups, the expression of PDE4D was obviously elevated in tracheal and lungs in the model group( P lt; 0. 05) . Moreover, the increased expression of PDE4D was positively related with theincreased release of TNF-αand IL-8 in BALF. The expression of PDE4D and the release of TNF-αand IL-8 in BALF were decreased after the treatment with methylprednisolone in a dose-dependent manner ( P lt;0. 05) . Compare with the low dose intervention group, there was no markedly difference related to PMNnumber and TNF-α release in the high dose intervention group ( P gt; 0.05) . Conclusions Methylprednisolone may alleviate airway inflammation of chronic bronchitis by inhibiting the expression of PDE4D in rats. Inhibition of PDE4D may down-regulate TNF-αactivity, which may further reduce IL-8 release and alleviate airway inflammation.

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:25 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Diagnostic Test of Interleukins for Acute Phase of Chronic Bronchitis

    目的 探讨诱导痰、痰、血清中的白介素(IL)-4、-6、-8在慢性支气管炎急性期的浓度阈值,确定其诊断意义,了解三种白介素在三种标本中的不同浓度对诊断慢性支气管炎急性期的意义。 方法 2001年1月-8月对77例慢性反复咳嗽患者按全国慢性支气管炎诊断标准确诊慢性支气管炎急性期48例,非慢性支气管炎29例,进行IL-4、-6、-8的诱导痰、痰、血清检测。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)鉴定三种白介素对三种标本的诊断价值。 结果 ①三种标本的三种白介素的诊断比值比(DOR)均>3,95%可信区间的下限均>1。②ROC曲线下面积显示:诱导痰及痰中IL-4、-8之间无差别(P>0.05),IL-4和IL-8分别与IL-6之间有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清中IL-4、-6、-8检测结果无差异(P>0.05)。IL-4、-8的诱导痰及痰与血清有统计学意义(P<0.05),IL-6的诱导痰、痰、血清之间无差异(P>0.05)。 结论 诱导痰及痰中的IL-4、-8诊断价值较好,可用于慢性支气管炎急性期的诊断。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:47 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Eosinophilic bronchitis is a distinct entity

    Gibson等首先发现7例慢性咳嗽患者表现为慢性刺激性干咳或咳少许黏痰,诱导痰嗜酸粒细胞增高,糖皮质激素治疗效果良好;但患者肺通气功能正常,无气道高反应性 (AHR),峰流速(PEF)变异率正常,无法诊断为支气管哮喘,因而称之为嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎(EB)。研究结果发表于 1989年国际著名杂志柳叶刀(Lancet)。从Gibson等提出 EB的诊断以来,受到国内外广大专家的重视,虽然目前对 EB是否是一种独立的疾病或哮喘的早期阶段尚存在一些争议,但愈来愈多的证据表明EB是一种独立的疾病 。下面从EB的定义、病因、病理免疫特征、临床表现、治疗反应及预后等方面对此问题进行讨论,说明EB是一种独立的疾病。

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:57 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • High Resolution Computed Tomographic Assessment of Airway Wall Thickness in Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Eosinophilic Bronchitis

    Objective To determine the airway wall thickness at the segmental and subsegmental levels in patients with bronchial asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis ( EB) by high resolution CT scanning,and evaluate its relationship with airway hyperresponsiveness. Methods High resolution CT scanning was performed in 14 subjects with asthma,15 subjects with EB, 15 subjects with cough variant asthma ( CVA) ,and 14 healthy volunteers. Total airway and lumen diameter, total airway cross sectional area and lumen area which corrected by body surface area ( BSA) were measured. The percentage of airway wall area to total airway cross sectional area ( WA% ) and wall thickness to airway diameter ratio ( T/D) were calculated for the right upper lobe apical segmental bronchus ( RB1) and all airways clearly visualized with a transverse diameter of 1-6 mm. Results T/D/BSA and WA% in the asthma patients were all significantly higher than those in the subjects with EB, CVA and healthy volunteers. T/D/BSA and WA% in the EB patients were significantly higher than the healthy volunteers, and similar with the CVA patients. Al /BSA in the patientswith asthma and CVA was less than the subjects with EB and the healthy volunteers. However, Al /BSA in the EB patients was similar with the healthy volunteers. Conclusions The airway wall thickness and remodeling can be measured and assessed by high resolution CT. Airway wall thickness and remodeling inEB patients are milder than asthma patients, which may be associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that presents in asthma but not in EB.

    Release date:2016-09-13 04:06 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 慢性支气管炎发病机制研究进展

    慢性支气管炎(chronic bronchitis,CB)作为常见的气道炎症,其发病机制涉及炎症反应及相关通路、氧化应激、黏液高分泌、气道表面脱水及气道重塑等多种方式,这些机制都与慢性支气管炎的发生发展、慢性迁延等密切相关。其中炎症反应是 CB 发生发展的核心机制,除其他炎症相关因子包括肺泡表面活性蛋白、瘦素等参与外,炎症介质包括前列腺素类、激肽系统、晚期糖基化终末产物受体、活化细胞内丝裂原蛋白激酶、蛋白酶激活受体等均在炎症发生发展中起重要作用。氧化应激为炎症反应的中心环节,黏液高分泌、气道表面脱水、气道重塑等则为炎症的继发表现,其机制的阐明均对 CB 管理及转归具有重要指导意义。如何阐明各参与因素之间的关系,实现从基础研究向临床实践的转化,将成为现今一大课题。该文就慢性支气管炎相关发病机制研究进展进行了综述。

    Release date:2017-04-19 10:17 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Evidence-Based Evaluation and Selection of Essential Medicine for Township Health Centre in China: 4. Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis

    Objective To evaluate and select essential medicine for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) using evidence-based methods based on the burden of disease. Methods By means of the approaches, criteria, and workflow set up in the second article of this series, we referred to the recommendations of evidence-based or authority guidelines from inside and outside China, collected relevant evidence from domestic clinical studies, and recommended essential medicine based on evidence-based evaluation. Data were analyzed by Review Manager (RevMan) 5.1 and GRADE profiler 3.6 to evaluate quality of evidence. Results (1) Five guidelines were included (four foreign guidelines, one domestic guideline; three based on evidence, two based on expert consensus). (2) Medicines recommended at least twice by the National Essential Medicine List (NEML, 2009 version) and Chinese National Formulary (CNF) contained: ipratropium bromide (four times), amoxicillin amp; clavulanate potassium (three times), and corticosteroid (three times), cefuroxime (twice), ciprofloxacin (twice), levofloxacin (twice), salbutamol (twice) and dextromethorphan (twice). (3) As for domestic study evidence, a result of one RCT indicated that amoxicillin amp; clavulanate potassium had efficiencies of 92.3% to 94.7% (n=77, low quality). A result of three RCTs (n=275, low quality) indicated that cefuroxime had efficiencies of 67.6% to 90% and an incidence of 5% as to adverse reaction that mainly included skin rashes, diarrhea, etc. A result of two RCTs (n=120, low quality) indicated that ciprofloxacin had efficiencies of 78.3% to 86.6%, bacterial clearance rates of 72.7% to 86.5% and the incidences of 8.7% to 16.2% as to adverse reaction that mainly included gastrointestinal reaction, skin rashes, etc. A result of seven RCTs (n=523, low quality) indicated that levofloxacin had efficiencies of 72.5% to 94.5%, bacterial clearance rates of 82.1% to 95.8% and the incidences of 5% to 7.5% as to adverse reaction. A result of two RCTs (n=239, low quality) indicated that salbutamol had efficiencies of 85.4% to 96.7%. A result of one RCT (n=95, low quality) indicated that ipratropium bromide had efficiencies of 98%. A result of five RCTs (n=466, low quality) indicated that the combined use of budesonide and bronchodilators had efficiencies of 93.4% to 97.8%. Conclusion (1) We offer a b recommendation for cefuroxime, amoxicillin amp; clavulanate potassium, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin used in the treatment of AECB. (2) We offer a b recommendation for glucocorticoid (budesonide, aerosol) and anticholinergic bronchodilator (ipratropium bromide) and a weak recommendation for short-acting β2-agonist bronchodilator (salbutamol) and antitussive agent (dextromethorphan) for alleviating symptoms due to AECB. (3) We make a recommendation against mucolytic agents and theophylline as routine use. (4) More large-scale, multi-center, double-blinded RCTs are needed in clinical and pharmacoeconomic studies on AECB and outcome indicator should be improved in order to produce high-quality local evidence.

    Release date:2016-09-07 11:00 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Diagnosis and treatment guideline for Chinese medicine on acute trachea-bronchitis

    Chinese medicine (CM) has significant clinical effects in the treatment of tracheal-bronchitis. It is of important clinical significance to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tracheal-bronchitis based on the characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation. The Respiratory Disease Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Disease Branch of China Medical Association of Minorities organized and established a multi-disciplinary background working group, based on the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development and the Guideline Development Handbook for Diagnosis and Therapy of Integrative Medicine to develop this guideline. It was developed through technical links such as clinical problem investigation, evidence collection and evaluation, Delphi consultation, and expert consensus meetings. Based on the current best evidence, CM intervention costs and expert experience, 25 recommendations were established to standardize the etiology and pathogenesis of tracheal-bronchitis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, prevention, and care, etc., which can be used by physicians at different levels of medical institutions.

    Release date:2022-01-27 05:31 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Phentolamine for the Treatment of Children with Bronchiolitis: A Meta-analysis

    目的 评价酚妥拉明治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效和安全性。 方法 计算机检索Cochrane图书馆,Medline(1950年-2013年),Embase(1980年-2013年),中国生物医学文献数据库(1978年-2013年)、中国知网(1979年-2013年)、万方(1986年-2013年)、维普(1989年-2013年),收集酚妥拉明联合常规方法对比仅用常规方法治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的随机对照试验(RCT),由两名研究者根据纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入13个RCT,1 186例患儿。Meta分析结果显示:在常规治疗基础上加用酚妥拉明,其总有效率[RR=1.30,95%CI(1.15,1.46),P<0.000 1]、平均住院时间[MD=?2.15 d,95%CI(?2.78,?1.53) d,P<0.000 01]、啰音消失的平均时间[MD=?1.62 d,95%CI(?2.02,?1.23) d,P<0.000 01],憋喘消失的平均时间[MD=?2.39 d,95%CI(?4.64,?0.13)d,P=0.04]差异有统计学意义,而气促消失的平均时间差异无统计学意义[MD=?0.62 d,95%CI(?1.31,0.07)d,P=0.08]。 结论 在常规治疗基础上加用酚妥拉明治疗小儿毛细支气管炎时,其疗效疗效优于仅采用常规治疗,在缓解啰音、憋喘等临床症状上起效更快。而在安全性方面证据不足,需要进一步的研究。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 吸烟相关间质性肺疾病的对比分析

    目的提高对不同类型的吸烟相关间质性肺疾病的临床、影像及病理学特点的认识。方法对诊断为呼吸性细支气管炎伴间质性肺疾病(RB-ILD)、脱屑性间质性肺炎(DIP)、肺朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症(PLCH)患者的临床表现、影像学和组织病理学特点进行分析比较。结果3 例患者,男 2 例,女 1 例,年龄 21~71 岁,吸烟史为 4~50 年,均为慢性起病,主要临床表现为咳嗽、咳痰、活动后气促。胸部高分辨 CT 的主要表现为小叶中央型微结节影、网格影、囊状影。病理学表现:RB-ILD 呼吸性细支气管周围少许炎症渗出、管腔中有少许巨噬细胞;DIP 肺泡腔内巨噬细胞聚集;PLCH 以朗格汉斯细胞组成为主的星状结节,朗格汉斯组织细胞表达 CD1α。结论吸烟相关的间质性肺疾病临床及影像表现各异,增强对这类疾病的认识,结合组织病理学检查有利于及早诊断这类疾病。

    Release date:2020-11-24 05:41 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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