ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of promoting neonatal resuscitation technique in treatment of neonatal asphyxia in China. MethodsElectronical databases including WanFang Data, CNKI, VIP, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Literature Information Center, PubMed and The Cochrane Library (Issue 5, 2016) were searched to collect studies of neonatal resuscitation technique in treatment of neonatal asphyxia up to June 1st, 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of included studies, and then meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsA total of eighteen observational studies were included, involving 28 144 cases of neonatal asphyxia and 32 636 cases of control, 2 148 death cases of neonatal asphyxia and 1 679 cases of controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that neonatal resuscitation technique could reduce newborn suffocation rate compared with the control group in hospital surveys (RR=0.59, 95%CI 0.55 to 0.63, P<0.000 01) and in regional project surveys (RR=0.72, 95%CI 0.69 to 0.75, P<0.000 01). Neonatal resuscitation could also reduce neonatal asphyxia mortality rate in hospital surveys (RR=0.26, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.42, P<0.000 01) and in regional surveys (RR=0.65, 95%CI 0.55 to 0.77, P<0.000 01). ConclusionThe existing evidence shows that neonatal resuscitation technology could effectively reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia and mortality rate in China. Due to the limitations of the quantity and quality of present studies, we need to carry out prospective multicenter cohort studies to verify the current results.