Choroidal thickness and its relevance with retinal disease has been widely studied in recent years, as choroid is an important source of retina blood supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) studies have been focused on retinal vascular injury and related circulatory disorders for a long time, however recent studies have found that choroidal blood vessels are also affected by diabetes, including the thickness changes. The choroidal thickness of diabetic patients is thinner than normal. There is no conclusive conclusion about choroidal thickness and the severity of DR lesions, as the choroid thickness results are determined by multiple factors, including diseases, ocular conditions (choroidal vascular status, ocular axial length, refractory errors and other eye parameters), systemic factors (age and sex) and measurement methods. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the ocular and extra-ocular factors affecting choroidal thickness when trying to further clarify the relationship between the choroidal thickness and DR.
The aim of this study is to explore the effects of continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) on functional brain network in emotion processing. Before and after the intervention of cTBS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of ten participants who were asked to perform the emotion gender recognition task, we recorded their scalp electroencephalograms (EEG). Then we used the phase synchronization of EEG to measure the connectivity between two nodes. We then calculated the network efficiency to describe the efficiency of information transmission in brain regions. Our research showed that after the intervention of cTBS and the stimulation of the emotion face picture, there was an obvious enhancement in the event-related spectral perturbation after stimuli onset in beta band in 100–300 ms. Under the stimulation of different emotion picture, the values of global phase synchronization for negative and neutral stimuli were enhanced compared to positive ones. And the increased small-worldness was found in emotional processing. In summary, based on the effect of activity change in the left DLPFC on emotion processing brain network, the emotional processing mechanism of brain networks were preliminary explored and it provided the reference for the research of emotion processing brain network in the future.
Cognitive reappraisal is an important strategy for emotion regulation. Studies show that even healthy people may not be able to implement this strategy successfully, but the underlying neural mechanism behind the behavioral observation of success or failure of reappraisal is unclear. In this paper, 28 healthy college students participated in an experiment of emotional regulation with the cognitive reappraisal strategy. They were asked to complete the cognitive psychological questionnaires before the experiment. Their behavioral scores and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were collected simultaneously during the experiment. We divided all the subjects into two groups, according to the statistical test of valence scores. Then we analyzed their questionnaires, early event-related potential (ERP) components N200, P200, and late positive potential (LPP), and calculated the correlation between the valence score and the amplitude of LPP. The results showed that, in both groups, compared with negative-watching, the reappraisal induced larger N200 and P200 components and there were two modulation patterns (“increase” and “decrease”) of the reappraisal effect on the amplitude of early LPP (300−1 000 ms after stimulus onset). Moreover, correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlation between two differences in the successful group, i.e., the greater difference in the valence scoresin between reappraisal and negative-watching, the greater difference in the amplitude of early LPP between reappraisal and negative-watching; but no such effect was found in the failure group. These results indicated that, whether reappraisal was successful or not, no significant effect on early ERP components was found; and there were different patterns of the reappraisal effect on early LPP. The difference between successful and failure groups was mainly reflected in early LPP, that is, the EEG characteristics and behavioral scores of successful group were significantly positively correlated. Furthermore, the small sample analysis showed that this correlation only existed in the pattern of "increase". In the future, more research of this modulation mode is necessary in order to find more stable EEG characteristics under successful cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation.
ObjectiveTo summarize the value of imaging in the evaluation of non-surgical therapy for pancreatic cancer.MethodThe relevant literatures about imaging evaluation of non-surgical therapy for pancreatic cancer were collected to make an review.ResultsAt present, most of the imaging evaluation of non-surgical therapy for pancreatic cancer were based on the assessment of morphological characteristics of tumors, such as contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. However, only morphological changes of tumors could not accurately evaluate the response of pancreatic cancer after non-surgical treatment. A few studies had explored the value of functional imaging and artificial intelligence.ConclusionsNon-surgical therapy provides new treatment opportunities for unresectable pancreatic cancer, especially the proposed of neoadjuvant therapy, which provides the possibility of operation for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. More imaging indicators with stronger objectivity, higher accuracy, and wider universality need to be improved and developed in the future.
ObjectiveTo observe the anticancer efficacy of ginsenoside Rg3 on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. MethodsMice colorectal cell line (CT26) was incubated in 96-well plates (3×103-4×103 per well) with various concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3 (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 μg/mL) for 24 hours and 48 hours. 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-dipheny 1-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect the inhibitory rate of cells. Xenograft models were established by subcutaneous implantation of CT26 cells into BABL/c mice. Each mouse was injected with 1×107 cells suspended in serum-free medium. Xenograft mice were randomized into four groups: physiological saline group, ginsenoside Rg3 5 mg/kg group, ginsenoside Rg3 10 mg/kg group, and ginsenoside Rg3 20 mg/kg group. Ginsenoside Rg3 was administrated to mice by intragastric gavage. All animals were observed for activity, body weight, tumor size, survival time, mental state and adverse effect of ginsenoside Rg3. Hematoxylin-eosin stain was used for comparing necrosis rate among groups. ResultsThe inhibitory rates of cells were increasing following the elevating concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3. The anti-proliferation effect of ginsenoside Rg3 for 48 hours was weaker than the anti-proliferation effect for 24 hours. The decrease of mice body weight was slower than physiological saline group after administration of ginsenoside Rg3, and the number of mice with worse physiological state, lack of activity and loss of appetite in physiological saline group were more than that in ginsenoside Rg3 groups. However, these results among four groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse effects of ginsenoside Rg3 found during the whole study. The necrosis rate of physiological saline group, Rg3 10 mg/kg group and Rg3 20 mg/kg group was 20%, 60% and 80% respectively. ConclusionGinsenoside Rg3, as a single agent, still has anticancer activity. The anticancer efficacy is increasing following the elevating concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a dose dependent agent.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of blood flow density in the macular area of normal eyes, and to analyze its correlation with age. MethodsA cross-sectional study. Two hundred and fifty normal healthy subjects (125 males and 125 females, aged 44.76±14.77) in routine ophthalmologic examination at the Department of Ophtalmology of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital during June 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled. Among them, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and ≥ 60 years old were 50 subjects (50 eyes) in each. BCVA, slit lamp microscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, OCT angiography (OCTA) examinations were conducted for all eyes. The subjects were examined by both eyes, and the data of 1 eye was selected by EXCEL to generate random numbers, including 126 right eyes and 124 left eyes. The range of 6 mm × 6 mm in the macular area was scanned using a frequency domain OCTA instrument. The software automatically divides it into three concentric circles centered on the macular fovea, which were foveal area with a diameter of 1 mm, parafoveal area of 1 to 3 mm, and foveal peripheral area of 3 to 6 mm. The blood flow density of superficial capillary vessel, deep capillary vessel and foveal avascular area (FAZ) within a 300 μm width (FD-300), FAZ area, perimeter (PERIM), non-circularity index, center retinal thickness (CRT) were measured. The relationship between the blood flow density in macula, CRT, FAZ and age was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. ResultsThe mean blood flow density of superficial capillary vessel and deep capillary vessel were (51.61±2.54)% and (54.04±5.46)%, respectively. The average FD-300, CRT, PERIM and non-circularity index were (285.55±12.13) μm, (2.150±0.367) mm, 1.10±0.04, respectively. The relevance of the results showed that the age was negatively correlated with the blood flow density of whole area (r=−0.335, −0.279; P＜0.01), parafoveal area (r=−0.255, −0.368; P＜0.01), foveal peripheral area (r=−0.330, −0.269; P＜0.01) in superficial capillary vessel and deep capillary vessel as well as FD-300 (r=−0.311, P＜0.01), but not correlated with the blood flow density of foveal area (r=−0.071, −0.118; P=0.264, 0.064). There was no relationship between the age and the FAZ area, PERIM, non-circularity index (r=−0.070, −0.055, 0.074; P=0.267, 0.385, 0.142). The age was negatively correlated with the average CRT (r=−0.217, P＜0.01), but not correlated with the CRT in foveal area (r=0.115, P=0.068). The CRT was positively correlated with the blood flow density of superficial capillary vessel and deep capillary vessel in foveal area (r=0.715, 0.653; P＜0.01), but negatively correlated with the FAZ area (r=−0.669, P＜0.01). ConclusionThe capillary blood flow density of macular area in the normal eyes decreases with age.