Objective To investigate the effective, economic and viable long-term mechanism of Sichuan college students’ social practice. Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate the students from North Sichuan Medical College and other 7 colleges in Sichuan province randomly. A secondary research of China students social practice status was combined and the results of Sichuan and other areas were compared. Results A total of 2 200 questionnaires were issued, of which 1 920 effective ones were taken back with the recovery rate of 87.27%. The most common forms of social practice were social investigation (47.5%), public welfare labor (42.3%), novitiate/internship (38.7%); the most interesting contents of social practice were social morality education (54.79%), credit morality education (53.07%), professional skill education (51.88%), and near 80% college students thought the contents had close relationships with their major. College students hoped that the contents could combine their job-hunting, characteristics of their major, local economy, and needs of social development. The social practice department they wanted to go most was public welfare or civil service departments (43.7%), corporations (27.8%), and government bodies (19.2%). The most difficult thing was to get connected with target department, shortage of fund, empty topics, hard-to-determine practice projects (44.1%), and lack of teachers’ guidance (43.6%). Degree of satisfaction from the students was moderate. Compared with other universities, social practice of Sichuan undergraduate students had broader coverage and was more closely related to students’ majors with more attention on the combination with moral education and employment. Conclusion Sichuan college students have higher expectations of social practice. However, the range and the time of actual participation are limited. The students are not very satisfied with status of social practice. The social practice of Sichuan college students should give prominence to the local features, be close to the students and serve the local place, strengthen the construction of practice bases, and establish effective systems of teacher training, funding, principle security mechanism and evaluation system.
【摘要】 目的 研究纳米银体外抗H3N2流感病毒的作用，并初步探索其作用机制。 方法 在H3N2流感病毒吸附细胞后加入纳米银和吸附前用纳米银预处理犬肾细胞（MDCK），在体外用细胞病变效应（cytopathic effect，CPE）观察法和3-（4，5-二甲基-2-噻唑）-2，5-二苯基溴化四唑（3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide，MTT）测值法，分析纳米银对H3N2流感病毒感染MDCK细胞的预防作用、直接灭活作用以及对流感病毒子代病毒体生成的抑制作用，运用RT-PCR法研究纳米银对H3N2流感病毒HA基因复制的干扰作用。 结果 纳米银能明显杀伤H3N2流感病毒，50、25 μg/mL的纳米银溶液与H3N2流感病毒充分作用2 h后感染MDCK细胞，细胞存活率分别为94.38%和92.17%，纳米银能有效抑制流感病毒对MDCK细胞的侵入和侵入后病毒的继续增殖，25 μg/mL纳米银溶液通过上述两种方式处理细胞，细胞存活率分别为85.39%和83.28%，与病毒对照组相比，差异均有统计学意义（Plt;0.001）；400、200 μg/mL纳米银溶液分别与流感病毒H3N2充分混合作用15、30、60、120 min后，病毒液的HA基因均未能成功扩增，纯病毒液和溶剂对照组在1 700 bp处均出现明显条带。 结论 通过3种不同的给药方式，纳米银在体外均能明显抑制流感病毒对细胞的感染，纳米银抑制流感病毒的机制可能是通过干扰H3N2流感病毒和吸附、穿入和基因的复制，从而抑制子代病毒体的生成。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the anti-viral effects of silver-nanoparticles (silver-nps) on H3N2 influenza virus in vitro and to evaluate its mechanism. Methods Silver-nps was added to canine kidney cells (MDCK) before and after the cells was adsorpted by H3N2 influenza virus. Cytopathic effect (CPE) assay and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were used to analyze the preventive effect, directly off deactivation, and the inhibit formation of progeny virions of silver-nps on H3N2 viruses. The interference of HA gene replication was observed by the RT-PCR assay. Results The survival rate of MDCK cells was 94.38% and 92.17% after 50 and 25 μg/mL silver-nps were mixed with 100 TCID50 H3N2 virus in 2 hours, and the survival rate of MDCK cells was 85.39% and 83.28% before and after the cells was adsorpted by H3N2 influenza virus when 25 μg/mL silver-nps was added to the cells (all compared to virus control, Plt;0.001), which showed that silver-nps could inactivate H3N2 virus, prevente them invasing to the cells and reproducting when H3N2 entered the cell remarkedly. The HA gene was not amplified successfully when 50 and 25 μg/mL silver-nps were mixed with 100TCID50 H3N2 virus in 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes later, but both pure virus solution and solvent control group appeared a significant bright band in the 1 700 bp area. Conclusion Under three different administration modes, silver-nps has an obvious effect against H3N2 in vitro, which could interfere the HA gene replication and inhibit the formation of H3N2 progeny virions.
【摘要】 目的 探讨护理不良事件报告机制的构建与完善情况。 方法 根据护理工作不良事件发生的类别、范围，确定不良事件报告原则，报告程序，构建护理不良事件报告机制。 结果 护理不良事件申报机制形成后，院内护理不良事件发生率及重复发生率逐月下降、主动申报率上升，与构建护理不良事件报告机制前一年比较，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。 结论 护理不良事件报告机制有助于护理安全管理。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the construction and improvement of reporting system of nursing adverse events. Methods According to the types and scales of the nursing adverse events, reporting principles and procedures were confirmed, and the reporting system of nursing adverse events was constructed. Results The rates of nursing adverse events and repetition incidence decreased gradually and the rate of initiative declaring increased significantly compared with those one year before the construction of the reporting system (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Reporting system of nursing adverse events helps to improve the management of nursing security.
急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ALI/ARDS）是指心源性以外的各种肺内外致病因素导致的原发或继发的急性、进行性呼吸衰竭，其病理改变主要表现为肺上皮及内皮细胞的损伤、炎性浸润和透明膜形成，并伴有肺间质纤维化。临床表现为以呼吸窘迫、顽固性低氧血症和非心源性肺水肿为特征的一种急性进行性呼吸困难。采用常规的治疗难以纠正其低氧血症，死亡率高达60%，严重威胁人们的生命健康[1]。自1967年Ashbaugh及其同事首次描述ALI/ARDS以来，医学研究者进行了大量关于ALI/ARDS发病机制及病理生理学的基础及临床研究，但是迄今ALI/ARDS的发病机理仍未完全阐明。近年来越来越多的研究提示凋亡因子（Fas/Fas配体，即Fas/FasL）介导的细胞凋亡在ALI/ARDS的发生发展过程中有着十分重要的作用[2，3]。本文就Fas/FasL的生物学特性及其在ALI/ARDS发病机制中的作用作一综述。
高原性肺水肿(HAPE)是人们由低海拔快速进入高海拔地区（一般3 000 m以上）后2～5 d内发生的非心源性肺水肿，是一种重型急性高原病，起病急、进展快、危害大，若不及时救治，可能危及生命。经过多年努力，对其发病机制及治疗进行了大量研究，取得了一些结果，但仍有许多未明之处，本文综述近年在此领域的研究进展，以期对HAPE的研究具有一定推动作用。
Objective To investigate the expression of high mobility group protein-B1( HMGB1)and α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA) in Bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Methods Twenty C57BL/ 6 male mice were randomly divided into a Bleomycin group and a control group. The Bleomycin group was treated with Bleomycin( 3 mg/kg) by endotracheally injection to induce pulmonary fibrosis. The control group were treated with normal saline( NS) . Then they were sacrificed by abdominal aortic bleeding 10 days after the injection. The right lung was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome respectively for pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were performed to identify the protein and mRNA levels of α-SMA and HMGB1 respectively. Results The mRNA( 0. 89 ±0. 12, 0. 61 ±0. 08) and protein( 13. 66 ±1. 01, 13. 12 ±1. 33) expressions of α-SMA and HMGB1 in the Bleomycin group were all significantly higher than those of the control group( mRNA: 0. 60 ±0. 07, 0. 15 ±0. 02; protein: 8. 18 ±1. 33,7. 92 ±1. 10; all P lt; 0. 01) . Conclusions The expressions of HMGB1 and α-SMA are increased in Bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis. HMGB1 participates in the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis probably by activation of the α-SMA expression.