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杂交技术在法洛四联症治疗中的应用

目的　总结法洛四联症（TOF）杂交手术的临床经验，探讨其手术技巧和效果。　方法　回顾性分析2006年7月至2012年7月广东省高州市人民医院重症TOF患者15例的临床资料，其中男10例、女5例，年龄4.2 （1.5～12.0） 岁，体重13.8 （10.0～42.0） kg。术前经超声心动图和螺旋CT检查确诊。外科术前介入治疗：所有患者行TOF根治术前均行侧枝血管栓塞术，其中2例采用AGA Plug血管塞封堵体肺侧枝血管，其余均采用COOK非可控弹簧圈栓塞体肺侧枝血管。侧枝血管栓塞术后立即行一期外科根治手术。　结果　15例患者中共发现体肺侧枝血管24支，封堵19支，未出现造影或封堵并发症，外科根治术后未出现灌注肺、低心排血量综合征等严重并发症。全组手术均效果满意，痊愈出院。住院时间8.5 （7～12） d。随访2年，无并发症，小儿患者发育正常。　结论　杂交手术治疗重症TOF安全、有效、可行，值得临床推广。

不同杂交方式治疗累及弓部的主动脉夹层

目的　探讨不宜单独行腔内隔绝治疗、累及弓部的主动脉夹层杂交手术治疗方法及其疗效。　方法　回顾性分析2008年11月至2011年8月成都军区总医院15例累及弓部的主动脉夹层患者行杂交手术治疗的临床资料，其中男10例，女5例；年龄51～72 （58.2±7.2）岁。Stanford A型主动脉夹层4例，B型主动脉夹层11例，病变均累及主动脉弓。采用胸骨正中切口或加颈部切口行升主动脉至头臂动脉旁路移植、单纯颈部切口行头臂动脉间旁路移植，然后行股动脉切口逆行主动脉腔内覆膜支架植入。术后即刻行数字减影血管造影（DSA），术后3个月、术后1年和2年分别随访CT造影资料，观察支架和人工血管通畅情况。　结果　所有患者均成功完成手术，并植入覆膜支架。术中血管造影证实支架植入定位准确，支架无明显内漏和移位。主动脉夹层真腔血流恢复正常，旁路血管血流通畅，围术期无死亡和严重并发症发生。随访15例，随访时间3～20 （12.0±4.1）个月，所有患者均生存，恢复正常生活。术后3个月及术后1年、2年复查主动脉增强CT示：支架无移位和内漏，支架内及人工血管旁路血流通畅，未见脑部和肢体缺血征象。　结论　累及弓部的主动脉夹层可根据受累部位和程度采用不同的杂交手术方法，安全、有效，能明显减轻患者的创伤和痛苦，该方法扩大了介入覆膜支架腔内治疗的适应证，但远期疗效有待进一步观察。

OneStage Hybrid Operation for Treating Descending Aortic Diseases Involving Distal Aortic Arch

Abstract: Objective To summarize the clinical experiences of onestage hybrid operation for treating typeB aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm involving distal aortic arch, explore the indication for this special technique and analyze shortterm followup results. Methods From October 2008 to May 2010, 16 consecutive patients received onestage hybrid operation in Fu Wai Hospital for aortic dissection or aortic aneurysm involving distal aortic arch. There were 12 males and 4 females. Their age ranged from 38.0 to 67.0 years (54.0±9.2 years). There were 14 patients of typeB aortic dissection, 1 patient of thoracic aortic aneurysm involving the aortic arch, and 1 patient of penetrating aortic ulcer. Among them, 10 were acute ones and 6 were chronic ones. Brachiocephalic artery bypass using neck incision with retrograde endovascular stent graft implantation was used. Four patients received bypass from the left common carotid artery to the left subclavian artery; 11 patients underwent bypass from the right common carotid artery to the left common carotid artery; and 1 patient had both of the bypasses. Intensive care unit(ICU) stay, hospital stay， and incidence of complications were closely monitored after operation. Computed tomography(CT) and general condition of the bypass grafts and its blood flow were followed up at three months and one year after operation.  Results No death or severe complications occurred perioperatively. All onestage surgeries were technically successful with stent grafts implanted. Angiography during the operation showed 100% patency of all the bypass grafts and no obvious translocation or endoleakage of the stent grafts. One patient had mild paraplegia and recovered soon after treatment. Ventilation time of these patients was 2.010.0 hours (5.3±2.7 hours). The ICU stay was 0.0-2.0 days (1.1±0.4 days) and hospital stay was 4.0-7.0 days (5.3±0.8 days). The expenditure of blood products was 0.0-1 016.5 RMB (134.5±281.8 RMB). All patients were followed up with a followup period of 3.0 to 26.0 months (130±5.1 months). All patients recovered to normal social life. Enhanced CT scanning at three months and one year after operation showed no endoleakage or translocation of the stent grafts and 100% patency of the bypass grafts. There was no obvious change of the distal part of the dissection except some thrombosis formation in nine patients. Conclusion Onestage hybrid operation is safe and effective in shortening the duration of the operation and hospital stay, reducing the surgical trauma and sufferings of the patients, and lowering the risk of staged operations with satisfactory shortterm results. This special technique may expand the indications of simple endovascular repair. The mid and longterm results still need to be followed up.

HYBRID PROCEDURES FOR MULTILEVEL FEMORAL AND POPLITEAL ARTERY OCCLUSIVE DISEASE

Objective To evaluate the immediate and mid-term effectiveness of hybrid procedures (combined open surgery and endovascular therapy) for multilerel femoral and popliteal artery occlusive disease. Methods Between June 2009 and June 2012, 22 cases of severe femoral and popliteal artery occlusive disease were treated by hybrid surgery. There were 15 men and 7 women with an age range of 52-78 years (mean, 66.2 years) and with a disease duration of 6 months to 5 years (mean, 1.5 years). Of 22 patients, 13 had a history of smoking; 8 were classified as Fontaine III and 14 as Fontaine IV. The complications included diabetes (8 patients), hypertension (16 patients), hyperlipemia (10 patients), coronary heart disease (11 patients), and chronic kidney failure (1 patient). Patency analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier life tables and log-rank test. Results All patients underwent successfully procedures. The time of operation was 70-160 minutes (mean, 137 minutes). Acute myocardial infarction, hematoma of incision, fracture of stent, and stent thrombosis occurred in 1 case, respectively. At 6 months after surgery, the ankle brachial index (ABI), the transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcpO2), and the average intermittent claudication distance were significantly increased when compared with preoperative ones [0.79 ± 0.33 vs. 0.32 ± 0.18, (42.7 ± 15.7) kPa vs. (17.6 ± 11.6) kPa, and (420 ± 80) m vs. (160 ± 54) m, P lt; 0.05]. The patients were followed up 6-24 months (mean, 14.5 months). The primary patency rate, primary assisted patency rate, and second patency rate were 77.3% (17/22), 90.9% (20/22), and 95.5% (21/22) respectively, showing no significant difference among them (P gt; 0.05). No significant difference was found in various-stage patency rates between patients at Fontaine III and IV (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion Hybrid procedures provide an effective treatment of multilevel femoral artery and popliteal artery disease while there is good outflow.

MULTIPLE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMPLEX AORTIC ARCH AND DESCENDING AORTA DISEASE

Objective To investigate the methods and effectiveness of multi ple surgical treatment for complex aortic arch and descending aorta disease, including cardiopulmonary bypass operation, hybrid operation, and total endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods Between October 2006 and September 2011, 48 patients with complex aortic arch anddescending aorta disease were treated. There were 31 males and 17 females, aged from 28 to 81 years (mean, 52.4 years). The disease duration ranged from 1 to 90 days (mean, 10.2 days). There were 30 cases of type B aortic dissection involving the aortic arch, 11 cases of thoracic aortic aneurysm, 3 cases of thoracic pseudoaneurysme, 3 cases of penetrating aortic ulcer, and 1 case of aortoesophageal fistula. Cardiopulmonary bypass operation, hybrid operation, and total EVAR were performed in 15, 12, and 21 cases, respectively. Results In the patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass operation, the following complications occurred: 1 case of bleeding, 1 case of coma, 3 cases of psychiatric disorders, 4 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of acute renal insufficiency, and 2 cases of multi-organ dysfunction; finally 3 patients died. In the patients undergoing hybrid operation, cerebral infarction and renal function failure occurred in 1 case. In the patients undergoing total EVAR, no complication occurred. A total of 41 patients were followed up 2 to 60 months (mean, 28.6 months). Sl ight left subclavian steal syndrome occurred in 3 cases, but self rel ieved. Other patients recovered to normal l ife. Conclusion In the surgical treatments of complex aortic arch and descending aorta disease, cardiopulmonary bypass operation will be gradually replaced by EVAR because of the surgical trauma and risk, hybrid operation is an important technique, and total EVAR will be the future progress.

Experience of Cooperation of Surgical Nurses in Hybrid Surgery for Complex Cerebral and Spinal Vascular Diseases

目的　总结神经外科复杂脑脊髓血管病杂交手术的护理配合经验。 方法　回顾分析2011 年4 月－2012 年5月华西医院手术室完成的 56例神经外科杂交手术的临床资料，总结神经外科杂交手术的护理配合经验。 结果　所有手术均顺利进行，未出现明显危及患者安全的情况。 结论　神经外科Hybrid手术治疗复杂脑脊髓血管病较普通手术更为安全有效。但手术护理准备及配合更为复杂，在手术室布局、手术流程方面需要医护协调专门进行优化。有神经外科专业经验的护士经过一段时间专门培训后担任手术巡回及器械护士更有利于手术的顺利、安全进行。

Hybrid Procedures in Treatment for Aortic Arch Lesions: Short- and Long-Term Results

ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-and long-term results of hybrid procedures in the treatment for aortic arch lesions. MethodsFrom October 2002 to March 2011, 28 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms or dissections involving the aortic arch were treated with hybrid endovascular treatment in our center. Twenty-two males and 6 females were in the series. The mean age of the patients was 68 years old. Of 28 patients, 15 were atherosclerotic thoracic aortic aneurysms and 13 were thoracic aortic dissection. Follow-up protocol consisted of computed tomography (CT) angiograms or ultrasound was performed in 3, 6, and 12 months, and annually thereafter. The main goal was to evaluate the operative mortality, morbidity, and the longterm survival of these patients. ResultsHybrid procedures included 12 totalarch transpositions, 3 left common carotid artery (LCCA)left subclavian artery (LSA) bypass, 11 right common carotid artery (RCCA)LCCA-LSA bypass, 2 RCCA-LCCA bypass. The technical success rate was 92.9% (26/28). The complications occurred in 10 patients (35.7%). Operative mortality was 7.1% (2/28). The apoplexia rate was 7.1% (2/28). The time of followup was (36±3) months. The patency rates of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year were 100%, 92.9% (26/28), and 85.7% (24/28), respectively. The survival rates of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year were 89.3% (25/28), 71.4% (20/28), and 60.7% (17/28), respectively. ConclusionsThe short-and long-term results with hybrid procedures in the treatment for aortic arch diseases are satisfactory. Further reducing the complications is the key to increase the survival rate.

Open Surgical Repair Combined with Endovascular Repair for Arterial Disease

Nursing Care for Hybrid Surgery to Treat Congenital Heart Disease with Diminished Pulmonary Blood Flow and Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries

ObjectiveTo summarize and share the surgical nursing experiences for hybrid procedures in the treatment of congenital heart disease with diminished pulmonary blood flow and aortopulmonary collateral arteries (APCA). MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, including nursing problems, interventions and outcomes, of 15 patients with congenital heart disease with diminished pulmonary blood flow and APCA treated between May 2011 and February 2012. ResultsAll operations were completed successfully with effective nursing interventions. No complications like low cardiac output syndrome, lung over-perfusion, vital organ dysfunction, neuropsychological disorder, or systemic infection were noticed. ConclusionsHybrid procedure in the treatment of congenital heart disease with diminished pulmonary blood flow and APCA with complex surgical procedures, intraoperative variables and high surgical risks requires multi-disciplinary collaboration. Effective surgical nursing intervention is important to ensure the successful completion of surgery, and reduce possible complications.

Progress in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is difficult to cure for its complex etiology and long disease duration. Heart failure, sudden death and stroke are the main causes for consequent high mortality and morbidity. In recent years, minimally invasive surgery has made rapid progress, not only improved treatment efficiency of traditional Cox Maze procedure but also massively reduced surgical injuries, and has become a preferred treatment strategy for lone AF. Minimally invasive surgery and catheter ablation complement each other, and are likely to open up a new prospect of AF treatment.