Objective To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes. Methods The clinical data of 412 type 2 diabetes patients, diagnosed between 2003 and 2010, were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of DR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was confirmed by ophthalmoloscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography. Glycated hemoglobin A1c, glucose, insulin, and Cpeptide of fasting plasma, and 1, 2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma were measured. According to the abovementioned data, get the fluctuation of glucose, insulin and C-peptide of 1, 2 and 3 hour postprandial plasma. Results The morbidity of DR and PDR increased following the longer disease duration. Age, diabetic duration，body mass index (BMI), hypertension grade, HbA1C, fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide, 2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose, 1 and 2 hours postprandial plasma insulin, 1, 2 and 3 hour postprandial plasma C-peptide, 1, 2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide fluctuation are different statistically among non-DR group, non-PDR group and PDR group (P＜0.05). 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were risk factors of DR (P＜0.05). Conclusions Postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were risk factors of DR. Nevertheless, postprandial insulin, fasting and postprandial C-peptide, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide fluctuation were useful for DR diagnosis.
ObjectiveTo observe and analyze the risk factors of retinopathy in patients with hypertension in pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From January 2018 to December 2019, 260 patients with hypertension during pregnancy who were hospitalized in the Obstetrics Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were included in the study. All patients underwent fundus color photography examination. Their age, gestational age, course of hypertension, past history, number of pregnancy and childbirth, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and laboratory blood routine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea Nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, serum albumin concentration, and 24-hour urine protein concentration and urine protein content examination results were collected. Among the 260 patients, there were 60 and 200 patients with or without retinopathy in the fundus, respectively. Patients were divided into retinopathy group and no retinopathy group. The comparison of quantitative data between groups was performed by independent sample t test; the comparison of grade data was performed by Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test. The variable with statistical difference between the two groups was the independent variable, and the two-class logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsGestational week (t=4.875), pre-pregnancy BMI (t=2.779), highest systolic blood pressure (t=－4.799), lowest systolic blood pressure (t=－4.797), highest diastolic blood pressure (t=－4.226), minimum diastolic blood pressure (t=－4.226), low and high platelet values and their fluctuations (t=7.701, 2.504, －6.083), serum albumin concentration (t=13.255), aspartic acid transaminase (t=－2.272), urea nitrogen (t=－5.117), creatinine (t=－2.735), uric acid (t=－2.130), 24-hour urine protein concentration (t=－7.801) and 24-hour urine protein (t=－7.567) were compared. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Logoistic regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI, maximum systolic blood pressure, low platelet value, and serum albumin were related to the occurrence of retinopathy of hypertension in pregnancy (P＜0.05).ConclusionHigh systolic blood pressure, low platelets, and low serum albumin are the risk factors for the occurrence of retinopathy of hypertension in pregnancy.