ObjectiveTo discuss the 3D high resolution Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in children.MethodsMRI data of 42 children with FCD confirmed by pathology, from April 2015 to June 2018, which were admitted to Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, were retrospectively analyzed. The following MRI signs were observed, blurring of junction of the gray matter-white matter, abnormality of structure with focal cortex (thick or thin), gray matter and white matter signal, white matter signal increased with T2WI/FLAIR, with or without transmantle sign (abnormal signal of white matter extending in the direction of ventricle), gray matter signal increased with T2WI/FLAIR, the abnormal sulci or gyri morphology and segmental and/or hypoplasia/atrophy of the lobes.ResultsAmong the 42 cases, 37 cases (88.1%) showed MRI positive signs, FCD typeⅠ accounted for 13 cases (35.1%), the main MRI features are focal blurring of junction in the gray matter-white matter, abnormality of structure with focal cortex in the corresponding part,and white matter signal increased with T2WI/FLAIR. FCD TypeⅡ accounted for 17 cases (45.9%), the MRI features are focal blurring of junction in the gray matter-white matter, abnormality of structure with focal cortex, white matter signal increased with T2WI/FLAIR, and transmantle sign. FCD TypeⅢ accounted for 7 cases (18.9%), among which hippocampal atrophy 2 cases (28.6%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) 2 cases (28.6%), section cell tumor 1 case (14.3%), softening lesion with gliosis 2 cases (28.6%).ConclusionThe 3D high-resolution MRI features of FCD in children are specific and could improve the detection rate of FCD lesions.
In order to understand how the biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea change over time after corneal ablation, 21 healthy adult rabbits were used in this study, with the left eye as experimental side and the right eye as the control side. Firstly, a lamellar knife was used to remove a portion of the anterior corneal surface tissue (30%~50% of the original corneal thickness) from the left eye of each rabbit, as an animal model simulating corneal refractive surgery. Secondly, postoperative experimental rabbits were kept for one, three, or six months until being euthanized. Strip specimens were produced using their corneas in vitro to perform a uniaxial tensile test with an average loading-unloading rate of approximately 0.16 mm/s. Finally, the visco-hyperelastic material constitutive model was used to fit the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the viscoelastic parameters of the corneas between the experimental and the control eyes at the first and third postoperative months. There was a difference in tangential modulus between the experimental and the control eyes at strain levels of 0.02 and 0.05 at the third postoperative month. There was no significant difference in biomechanical parameters between the experimental and the control eyes at the sixth postoperative month. These results indicate that compared with the control eyes, the biomechanical properties of the experimental eyes vary over postoperative time. At the third postoperative month, the ratio of corneal tangential modulus between the experimental and the control eyes significantly increased, and then decreased. This work lays a preliminary foundation for understanding the biomechanical properties of the cornea after corneal refractive surgery based on rapid testing data obtained clinically.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of PTD regimen (pamidronate disodium + thalidomide + dexamethasone) and TD regimen (thalidomide + dexamethasone) in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Methods The patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly treated with PTD and TD regimens from January 2004 to December 2008. The effectiveness and safety of the two groups were observed after 8 weeks and the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 25 patients were included, of which 13 were treated with PTD regimen and the other 12 were treated with TD regimen. The results showed overall response rates were 84.6% and 83.3% in the PTD and TD groups, respectively, with no significant difference (Pgt;0.05). The complete response rate (5/13 vs. 1/12) and early response rate (within 2 weeks, 4/13 vs. 1/12) for bone pain in the PTD group were better than those of TD group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Compared with TD regimen, PTD regimen has more dramatic and faster effects on bone pain relief for multiple myeloma, but for overall response rate, further larger sample size randomized controlled trials are needed.