Early endovascular interventional therapy can effectively improve the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Dual-source CT dual-energy scanning, as a new CT imaging technology developed rapidly in recent years, with its unique technical characteristics and advantages, shows potential and application prospects in early endovascular interventional therapy of acute ischemic stroke. This article discusses the value of dual-source CT dual-energy scanning in the early screening and evaluation, the identification of postoperative iodine contrast agent extravasation and secondary cerebral hemorrhage, and the prediction of prognosis of patients with early endovascular interventional treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The purpose is to provide a theoretical basis for better application of dual-source CT dual-energy scanning in early endovascular interventional treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Parkinson’s disease is a common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, and its main pathological change is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra striatum. Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in neurons and glial cells, and the normal function of substantia nigra striatum system depends on the level of vitamin D and the normal expression of vitamin D receptors. In recent years, from basic to clinical research, there are some differences in the conclusion of the correlation of vitamin D and its receptor gene polymorphism with Parkinson’s disease. This paper aims to review the research on the correlation of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with Parkinson’s disease, and discuss the future research direction in this field.
Background Hepatitis B is one of the major infectious diseases of mankind, and up to now, there is no effective way to handle it. Recent clinical trials have shown the potential advantages of Kurorinone an extract of Chinese herb, in treament of chronic HBV infection. Objectives Systermically review the safety and efficacy of Kurorinone in treatment of chronic HBV infection. Search strategy With the searching terms including Kurorinone, its products’ name, hepatitis B and chronic carrier status, the trials registers of the Cochrane Hepato- Biliary Group, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field, and the central database of the Cochrane Library as well as MEDILINE, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical CD Database were searched from their date of inception onward. 20 Chinese medical journals and relevant academic conference proceedings have been searched by hand. The reference lists of identified documents were checked as the complementary search. Inclusion Criteria All RCTs that tested Kurorinone for chronic HBV infection were included in this review. Method of the review According the demand of Cochrane systematic review, selection of trial for inclusion, assessment of methodological quality, data extraction and data syntheses would be conducted for each included trial.
Objective To investigate the expression and localization of activating transcription factor 3 ( ATF3) and ATF4 in lung of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) , and explore their possible roles in the pathogenesis of COPD. Methods Twenty-two SD rats were randomly divided into a COPD group and a control group. The COPD model was established by cigarette smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. The lung function was measured and the pathological changes were observed under light microscope. In situ hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RTPCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot techniques were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of ATF3 and ATF4 in rat lung. Results The lung function of the COPD group was significantlydecreased. The rats in the COPD group shared specific pathological features of COPD. Immunohistochemical and Western blot results showed that the protein expressions of ATF3 and ATF4 were higher in the COPD group than those in the control group ( P lt;0. 05) . In situ hybridization and RT-PCR results showed that themRNA expressions of ATF3 and ATF4 in the COPD group were also significantly higher than those in the control group ( P lt;0. 05) . Conclusions The expressions of ATF3 and ATF4 are significantly up-regulated in COPD. These findings suggest that ATF3 and ATF4 may play important roles in the oxidative and antioxidative imbalance in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Objective To investigate the correlation between grip strength and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients of different genders. Methods Patients who underwent outpatient MHD in the Wenjiang Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between March and June 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between grip strength and SCD in MHD patients of different genders. Results A total of 171 patients were investigated, with 76 in the non-SCD group and 95 in the SCD group. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level (P=0.039), nutritional status (P=0.026), and grip strength (P=0.042) were the influencing factors of SCD in male MHD patients. Work status (P=0.001) and nutritional status (P=0.011) were the influencing factors of SCD in female MHD patients. Conclusions Educational level, nutritional status, and grip strength are influencing factors of SCD in male MHD patients. Work status and nutritional status are influencing factors of SCD in female MHD patients. Grip strength may serve as an indicator for evaluating SCD in male MHD patients.
The coexistence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients is known as cognitive frailty. It has emerged as a novel complication in MHD patients and increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, fractures, functional impairment and death. Timely intervention can delay or even reverse the development of cognitive frailty to dementia, thereby reducing the risk of adverse outcomes and improving the quality of life of patients. Based on this literature review method, this article summarizes the domestic and foreign research progress on the epidemiology, assessment tools, influencing factors and intervention measures of cognitive frailty in MHD patients, aiming to provide reference for clinical staff to carry out early screening and intervention of cognitive frailty in MHD patients.
Objective To explore the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α( PGC-1α) and NF-E2-related factor 2( Nrf2) on expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase ( γ-GCS) , and their roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) . Methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into a COPD group and a normal control group. COPD model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) and daily exposure to cigarette smog in the COPD group. The lung function was measured and the pathological changes were observed. The protein and mRNA expressions of PGC-1α, Nrf2, and γ-GCS in lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, in site hybridization ( ISH) , and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) ,respectively. Results In the COPD group, the pulmonary function ( FEV0. 3, FEV0. 3 /FVC, PEF) damage and lung pathological changes were conformed as morphological characteristics of COPD. The mRNA of PGC-1α and Nrf2 expressed in lung tissues of two group rats in the region consistent with γ-GCS mRNA. The protein and mRNA expressions of PGC-1αand γ-GCS were markedly increased in the COPD group( all P lt;0. 05) ,and the protein expression of Nrf2 was obviously up-regulated ( P lt; 0. 01) , while Nrf2 mRNA had no significant difference between the two groups( P gt;0. 05 ) . Linear correlation analysis showed that the level ofPGC-1αprotein was positively correlated with the levels of Nrf2 protein and mRNA ( r = 0. 775, 0. 515, all P lt; 0. 01) , and the levels of PGC-1αand Nrf2 protein were positively correlated with the levels of γ-GCS protein ( r = 0. 531, 0. 575, all P lt; 0. 01) and mRNA ( r = 0. 616, 0. 634, all P lt; 0. 01) . Conclusions PGC-1α, which may serve as a co-activator of Nrf2, can up-regulate the expression of γ-GCS gene cooperatively with Nrf2 through a common pathway, which might involve in the oxidative and antioxidative mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Objective To investigate the expressions of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and ATF4, and their effects on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in lung tissues of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Non-cancerous lung tissue specimens ( 5 cm or above away from tumor) were collected from 40 lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy between December 2008 and December 2009. The patients were divided into a COPD group and a control group according to whether they were complicated with COPD. The clinical data were collected including the history in detail, physical examination, chest X-ray or lung CT, and pulmonary function test. The mRNA and protein expressions of ATF3, ATF4, and heavy subunit of γ-GCS (γ-GCS-HS) in lung tissues were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. At the same time, the interaction between ATF3, ATF4 and γ-GCS-HS protein was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation method. The correlation of ATF3 and ATF4 with γ-GCS-HS was analyzed. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of ATF3, ATF4 and γ-GCS-HS in lung tissues of the COPD group were strongly positive, and significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01). The co-immunoprecipitation showed that ATF3 and ATF4 antibodies could cross the clear protein bands in the immune precipitation captured by γ-GCS-HS, and the intensity in the COPD group was significantly enhanced than that in the control group (P＜0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the protein expressions of ATF3 and ATF4 were significantly positively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of γ-GCS-HS (allP＜0.01). The protein expressions of ATF3, ATF4 and γ-GCS-HS in lung tissues were positively correlated with FEV1%pred and FEV/FVC (P＜0.01). Conclusions Oxidative stress induces overexpression of ATF3 and ATF4 which may paly role in the pathogenesis of COPD. ATF3 and ATF4 may play antioxidative effect by affecting the mRNA and protein expression of γ-GCS.
Objective To observe the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab injections. Methods A retrospective case series. Seventeen patients (17 eyes) including 11 males and 6 females were enrolled in this study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), FAF and indocyanine green angiography examination were performed on all eyes. The eyes were divided into hypo-autofluorescence group (8 eyes) and mixed autofluorescence group (9 eyes) according to the fluorescence degree. There was no differences of BCVA between two groups (t=2.403, P=0.072).All eyes received monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections for 3 months followed by an as-needed reinjection schedule. All eyes were followed up for 12 months. FAF was performed at the 3rd, 6th and 12th month after first treatment. The changes of FAF characteristics and BCVA before and after treatment were observed. Results Before the treatment, the PCV lesions showed two distinct FAF patterns: the confluent hypo-autofluorescence at the polypoidal lesions and the granular hypo-autofluorescence at branching choroidal vascular networks (BVN). During the treatment, the abnormal FAF area of the whole lesions in all eyes reduced and gradually returned to normal. At the 3rd month after treatment, the central hypo-autofluorescence of polyps was surrounded by a hyper-autofluorescence ring, and with time, the ring was weakened or eliminated. However, all the hypo-autofluorescence findings in BVN at baseline were unchanged during the follow-up period. There was no significant differences in BCVA between hypo-autofluorescence group and hyper-autofluorescence group at different follow-up times (t=2.674, 2.862, 2.250; P=0.058, 0.052, 0.081). At final follow-up, 5 eyes (62.5%) in hypo-autofluorescence group and 3 eyes (33.3%) in hyper-autofluorescence group had increased BCVA, the different was not significant (P=0.347). Conclusions Before the treatment, there were the central hypo-autofluorescence of polyps and circumferential hypo-autofluorescence ring or confluent hypo-autofluorescence. After the treatment, the autofluorescence of polyps increased and then gradually returned to normal.