Objective To investigate the role of Notch signaling pathway in pancreas development and pancreatic cancer. Methods The related literatures were reviewed and analyzed. Results Notch signaling played a role early in development by maintaining pancreatic epithelial cells in a progenitor state and delaying their differentiation until timely appropriate. Notch signaling was reactivated in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the pancreas development. Sustained Notch signaling activity promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer, and may be one of major factors in the initiation of pancreatic cancer.
【摘要】 目的 探讨原发性胰腺淋巴瘤( PPL) 的临床特点及治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析我院2002～2006年期间收治的6 例PPL 的临床资料。结果 本组6 例患者中3 例病灶位于胰头,3 例位于胰体尾。临床症状以上腹不适、黄疸为主。术前仅1 例通过影像学检查获得诊断。2 例行胰十二指肠切除术,3 例行胰体尾联合脾切除术,1 例行剖腹探查、组织活检术。术后病理诊断均为胰腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤。患者术后均行化疗,除1 例失访以外,其余5 例均存活。结论 PPL 的临床症状、影像学表现及实验室检查结果不具特异性,与胰腺癌难以区分,明确诊断有赖于病理组织学检查。对术前未能确诊的胰腺淋巴瘤患者,外科手术治疗结合术后化疗、放疗安全有效。
A critical shortage of donor organs raises a question of needs for alternative organ sources for regenerative medicine. Over the last decade, three-dimensional (3D) culture has become a new approach for organ regeneration. The 3D culture takes significant advantages of cells spatial relationships between multiple cellular types and surrounding matrices of dynamic cellular interactions, which plays a key role in structural self-formation of complex organ buds. Here we present major classic cases of 3D culture organ regeneration to show how it works, and then we try to find the way of future organ regeneration.
Objective To investigate the short term and long term effects of laparoscopic gastric bypass on obesity related type 2 diabetes. Methods Twenty obese patients with type 2 diabetes underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass between Nov. 2009 and Feb. 2012 were identified in the computer database of West China Hospital of Sichuan University. All patients had short term follow-up of less than 1 year and among them 11 were with long term follow-up of 1 year or more. Body weight， body mass index （BMI）， blood glucose， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c）， homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance-insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）， blood pressure， and blood lipids were examined. Short term （＜1 year） and long term （≥1 year） remission rates of diabetes were calculated and factors which might have effects on the remission of diabetes were analyzed. Results Of patients with short term follow-up，body weight， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， 2h plasma glucose （2hPG）， HbA1c， and HOMA-IR were reduced significantly. Among them， 18 of 20 patients （90.0%） reached the glucose and medication standards of complete remission and partial remission， 9 patients were defined as completely remitted （9/20， 45.0%）. Those accompanied with hypertension and （or） hyperlipemia were all improved clinically. The duration of diabetes， fasting and 2 h C peptide were found to be related to short term diabetes remission. Patients with long term follow-up of 1 year or more were observed to have significant reductions in body weight， FPG， 2hPG， HbA1c， and HOMA-IR as well. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were all well controlled. The remission rate of diabetes reached 9/11 （81.8%）and those who were defined as completely remitted took a proportion of 6/11 （54.5%）. In these patients， those who did not reach the standards of complete remission had longer duration of diabetes and higher FPG when compared with those who did. No severe adverse event was found during the follow-up in either group. Most patients investigated were satisfied with the surgery.Conclusion Laparoscopic gastric bypass is effective and safe on short term and long term treatment of obesity related type 2 diabetes.