Ninety cases of surgically treated recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma is reported with analysis of the machanism of recurrence and factors affecting tumor recurrence. Early detection of recurrence depends of AFP measurements and ultrasonography followup monitoring after resection. Hepatic resection is the first choice of treatment whenever it is feasible. Intratumor ethanol injection and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization during operation has been beneficial in some patients with unresectable recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. These results suggest that reoperation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma may be an approach to improve the longterm survival after hepatic resection.