【摘要】 目的 探讨不同数量混合血清样本丙肝病毒核酸（HCV RNA）检测在拟输血手术患者中的临床应用。 方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测单份血清样本抗-HCV，聚合酶链反应技术（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）检测单份血清样本、5份血清混合样本和10份血清混合样本HCV RNA，并与ELISA检测结果进行比较，确定HCV RNA检测的最适混合血清样本数。 结果 ELISA共检出抗-HCV阳性血清4份。PCR技术检测HCV RNA，单份血清样本组和5份血清混合样本组5例阳性；10份血清混合样本组4例阳性，1例阳性漏检。 结论 拟输血手术患者5份血清混合样本检测HCV RNA能大幅降低人群检测费用，具有良好经济实用性。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical application of detecting hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) using various number of serum samples from patients planning to receive blood transfusion. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-HCV for single serum samples, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HCV RNA of single serum samples, 5 mixed serum samples and 10 mixed serum samples. The results of the two experiments were compared and the best number of samples for HCV RNA detection was analyzed. Results The results of ELISA showed that there were four serum samples with positive anti-HCV. In the detection of HCV RNA by PCR, there were 5 positive samples each for the groups of single serum samples and 5 mixed serum samples, and 4 positive samples for the group of 10 mixed samples with 1 positive case missed. Conclusion It is economical and applicable to use 5 mixed serum samples for the detection of HCV RNA in patients planning to receive blood transfusion.