Objective To understand the situation and technical level of aeromedical rescue in medical institutions in Qinling-Daba Mountain area. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the staff of medical institutions of the Renmin Hospitd of Hubei University of Medicine, located in Qinling-Daba Mountain area between June and September 2023. The basic information, development of aeromedical rescue, demand and knowledge mastery were investigated. Results A total of 45 medical institutions participated in the research, 500 questionnaires were sent out, and 479 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.8%. Among them, there were 7 tertiary hospitals, 23 secondary hospitals, and 15 township health institutions; 11 medical institutions had participated in aeromedical rescue, and 17 hospitals had participated in aerial rescue drills. The main survey subjects were emergency departments, intensive care medicine departments, women, Age>30 and ≤ 40 years old, undergraduate students, intermediate professional titles, and doctors. 21 medical staff had received formal training in aeromedical rescue skills, 77 had received short-term theoretical and practical training, 123 had participated in short-term simulation exercises, and 93 had participated in aeromedical rescue activities. There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of first aid knowledge, aviation flight knowledge, and aeromedical rescue knowledge (9.34±0.35 vs. 4.65±2.91 vs. 3.28±3.44); F=15.048, P=0.001). There were statistically significant differences between first aid knowledge and aviation flight knowledge, as well as between first aid knowledge and aeromedical rescue knowledge (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between aviation flight knowledge and aeromedical medical rescue knowledge (P>0.05). Conclusion There is an urgent demand for aviation rescue in medical institutions in Qinling-Daba mountainous areas, and there is a shortage of professionals, so it is necessary to strengthen the training, rehearsal and practice of aeromedical rescue.