In 1994, a statement on the performance of lung function testing was issued by the Association for Respiratory Technology & Physiology (ARTP), and it has been updated in 2020. In this paper, we introduced the updated content, including general procedures, normal value ranges and interpretations of obstructive ventilation dysfunction, precautions of lung function tests, and paediatric lung function testing. We also compared the differences between the ARTP statement and the lung function guidelines issued by the Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) and put forward some appropriate suggestions from the viewpoint of our current situation. We expected it to provide valuable references for the normative update and application of pulmonary function tests in China.
Objective To observe the effect of Chinese Herbal Preparation -Mingjing Granule on the recruitment and adhesion of bonemarrow derived cells (BMCs) to choroidal neovascu1arization (CNV) in mice induced by laser photocoagulation. Methods A total of 75 C57BL/6 mice were divided into treatment group (30 mice), control group (30 mice) and normal control group (15 mice). CNV was induced by krypton laser in the mice of treatment group and control group. BMCs from GFPtransgenic mice were injected through tail vein to those mice 0.5 -1.0 hours after laser surgery. On day one after laser surgery, the mice of treatment group were gavaged with 0.3 ml Mingjing Granule solution every day［30 g/(kg?d)］, while the control group mice were gavaged with distilled water. The mice of normal group fed with normal cereals. 7, 14, 28 days after treatment, choroidal flatmount were prepared to measure the CNV severity and BMCs recruitment. The choroidal histopathological change was observed by optical microscope. CXCR4 level in peripheral blood was measured by enzymelinked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Stromal cell derived factor1alpha; (SDF-1alpha;), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were detected by immunofluorescent staining. Results Choroidal flatmount showed that CNV developed in treatment group and control group, but not in normal group. On day seven and 14, CNV lesions in the treatment group showed less incorporation of BMCs and smaller CNV in size compared with the control group (t=10, 9; P=0.007, 0.024), histologic sections also showed less severe lesions in the treatment group. CXCR4 level in peripheral blood in the treatment group was less than that in the control group and normal control group on day seven and day 14（t=8.107, 2.747;P＜0.05). The expression of SDF-1alpha;, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the treatment group was lower compared with the control group. Conclusions Mingjing Granule could inhibit the recruitment and adhesion of BMCs in peripheral blood to CNV at the early stage. The mechanism may be related with the action of Mingjing Granule in lowing chemokines levels in peripheral blood and expression of adhesion molecules around CNV.
ObjectiveTo analyze the pathogenic bacteria distribution, structure and characteristics of drug resistance in patients with acute stroke complicated with pulmonary infection, in order to provide reference for the prevention of hospital infection and rational use of antimicrobial agents. MethodsA total of 864 clinical specimens of acute stroke complicated with pulmonary infection were chosen for study between January 2012 and December 2014. Separation and cultivation were done in accordance with the operation procedures regulated by the Ministry of Health. Drug sensitivity examination was done by Kirby-Bauer (k-b). Super-extensive spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected to analyze the bacterial species and resistance transition. ResultsA total of 864 samples were cultivated, in which G-bacteria accounted for 61.2%. The main pathogenic bacteria was Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanmii and Staphylococcus aureus. Imipenem had high antimicrobial activity to G-bacilli, especially to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. Linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin had high antibacterial activity to staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was not found. Ciprofloxacin had high antibacterial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while imipenem had low antibacterial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amikacin had high antibacterial activity to acinetobacter. ConclusionG-bacilli are predominant in acute stroke complicated with pulmonary infection. ESBLs and MRSA detection rate is high, and we should pay attention to the rational use of antibiotics to reduce drug resistance.