Background AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has become the most devastating disease which humankind has ever encountered. Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through blood, sexual behavior and mother-to-baby, with more efficient transmission through blood transfusion. HIV risk among blood transfusion was severe due to lack of effective and correctly applied screening method and rigorous management, especially in some developing countries. Since the first HIV screening reagent was approved by FDA to screen the blood in 1985, the fourth generation test has been produced till now. Initially, HIV test was primarily used to screen the blood supply, it also became an important aspect of HIV prevention, especially screening among people donating blood. Today, HIV testing is seen as an integral part of both the nation’s prevention and treatment efforts. Objective To assess the effectiveness of any intervention tests for HIV screening among people donating blood, and find appropriate tests for HIV screening to decrease the risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion. Search strategy MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL/CCTR), AIDSLINE, EMBASE, CBM were be searched with the terms: "HIV", "AIDS", "screening", "test", "blood donor", "blood bank" and the detailed screening method. The websites of WHO, UNAIDS, CDC, FDA, and their related links were searched. Letters were mailed to various agencies and experts in this field to acquire unpublished reports. Inclusion criteria RCT and CCT for screening HIV among blood. donors will be included. Observational studies such as cohort studies, cased-control studies, and historical controlled studies will be used for sensitivity analysis. Method of the review According to the principles of Cochrane Review, selection of trials for inclusion, quality assessment of studies, data extraction and syntheses were conducted by reviewers.
Objective To study the comparability of liver function results between the two detection systems. Methods Based on the NCCLS EP9-A document, 8 fresh serum samples were collected daily for the assay of 10 routine liver function parameters by utilizing the Olympus AU1000 and Backman CX7 detection systems respectively. The results were recorded over 5 days consecutively. Linearity equation and relative deviations were calculated. The comparability between the results obtained from different detection systems was evaluated according to the systematic error at medical decision level of CLIA, 88. Results The paired t-test showed that the results of the fresh serum samples had no significant difference between the two detection systems (Pgt;0.05). Except that the systematic error of albumin at low medical decision level exceeded the allowable error, all the other systematic errors at medical decision level were acceptable. Conclusion The results of liver function are comparable between the two detection systems, and the systematic errors between the two detection systems are clinically acceptable.
目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性肝硬化患者血清中HBV前S1抗原(前S1抗原)、HBV e抗原（HBeAg）及HBV核酸定量检测（HBV DNA）相关性。 方法 2008年7月－2011年5月对97例HBsAg阳性肝硬化住院患者和50份HBsAg阴性的健康体检者血清进行前S1抗原、HBV血清标志物检测及实时荧光定量PCR检测HBV DNA结果进行分析。 结果 97份HBsAg阳性肝硬化患者血清中，前S1抗原、HBeAg及HBV DNA阳性率分别为53.6%（52/97）、22.7%（22/97）及61.8%（60/97）。22例HBeAg阳性血清中，前S1抗原阳性18例（81.8%）， HBV DNA阳性20例（90.9%)。75例HBeAg阴性血清中，前S1抗原阳性34例（45.3%），HBV DNA阳性40例（53.3%），两者的前S1抗原与HBV DNA结果间都具有很好的相关性。HBV DNA含量与前S1抗原及HBeAg阳性结果显示：HBsAg阳性的肝硬化患者血清中HBV DNA阴性率为38.1%（含量＜103 copies/mL），而阳性检出率HBV DNA含量主要集中在103～105 copies/mL，占81.7%（49/60），HBV DNA含量＞105 copies/mL占18.3%（11/60）。 结论 HBsAg阳性的肝硬化患者血清中主要以HBV非HBeAg阳性血清学模式为主，HBV DNA阳性检出率的含量主要集中在103～105 copies/mL。前S1抗原在HBeAg阳性血清中与其含有HBsAg病毒及HBeAg阳性患者具有很好的相关性，而在HBeAg阴性血清中存在着差异。Objective To study the correlation among Pre-S1 antigen, HBeAg and HBV DNA results in patients with HBsAg-positive liver cirrhosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the serum pre-S1-antigen, HBV serum markers and real-time quantitative PCR HBV DNA results in 97 patients with HBsAg-positive liver cirrhosis and 50 HBsAg-negative healthy volunteers in our hospital from July 2008 to May 2011. Results Among the 97 samples of HBsAg-positive liver cirrhosis patients’ serum, the positive rates of Pre-S1 antigen, HBeAg and HBV DNA were 53.6% (52/97), 22.7% (22/97) and 61.8% (60/97), respectively. In the 22 samples of HBeAg-positive serum, the number of positive pre-S1 antigen and HBV DNA was 18 (81.8%) and 20, respectively. In the 75 samples of negative HBeAg serum, the number of positive pre-S1 antigen and HBV DNA was 34 (45.3%) and 40 (53.3%) respectively. The pre-S1 antigen was correlated well with HBV DNA results in both the two groups. HBV DNA level, pre-S1 antigen and HBeAg-positive results showed that the serum HBV DNA negative rate of HBsAg-positive patients with cirrhosis was 38.1% (＜103 copies/mL), while the positive rate of HBV DNA level was mainly concentrated at 103~105 copies/mL, accounting for 81.7% (49/60), and HBV DNA level over 105 copies/mLaccounted for only 18.3% (11/60). Conclusions HBsAg-positive patients with cirrhosis mainly have a serum non-HBeAg-positive HBV serology pattern, and HBV DNA positive rate of the content is mainly concentrated at 103~105 copies/mL. There is a good correlation between pre-S1 antigen in HBeAg-positive serum and patients with HBsAg virus or positive HBeAg, while for Pre-S1 antigen in HBeAg-negative serum, it is quite different.
Objective To evaluate the possibility of detection mutations of 〖JP2〗multiple genes in stool for secondary screening for colorectal cancer. Methods Tumor specimens and stool samples from 40 patients with colorectal cancer and 40 normal persons were examined for mutations of p53, K-ras and APC gene by polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and silver nitrate staining. Results ①The mutation rate of p53, K-ras and APC gene in the tissues and stools of colorectal cancer respectively were 57.50%, 50.00%, 60.00% and 42.86%, 40.00%, 51.43%, and no mutations were found in normal mucosa and stool. ②The mutation ratioes between multiple gene and single gene had significant difference (P＜0.05). ③The sensitivities had no significant difference between faecal occult blood test (FOBT) and multiple gene mutations detection in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, but the specificity of the latter was higher than FOBT (P＜0.05). Conclusion Detection of multiple gene mutations in stool is a vauble method in the secondary screening for colorectal cancer.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征( OSAHS) 是心血管疾病的独立危险因素[1,2 ]。睡眠过程中反复发生氧饱和度降低和频繁觉醒是心血管损伤的病理生理基础。OSAHS 血管损害的早期改变可表现为血管僵硬度增加, 对亚临床血管病变患者开展早期动脉弹性功能检测及早进行干预, 可有效预防心血管疾病的发生。本文就常用的无创动脉硬化检测lt;br /gt;技术及其对OSAHS 心血管损伤的评估相关研究进展进行综述。
Objective To observe the effect of BMSCs on the cardiac function in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats through injecting BMSCs into the ventricular wall of the diabetic rats and investigate its mechanism. Methods BMSCs isolated from male SD rats (3-4 months old) were cultured in vitro, and the cells at passage 5 underwent DAPI label ing. Thirty clean grade SD inbred strain male rats weighing about 250 g were randomized into the normal control group (group A), the DM group (group B), and the cell transplantation group (group C). The rats in groups B and C received high fat forage for 4 weeks and the intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin to made the experimental model of type II DM. PBS and DAPI-labeledpassage 5 BMSCs (1 × 105/μL, 160 μL) were injected into the ventricular wall of the rats in groups B and C, respectively. After feeding those rats with high fat forage for another 8 weeks, the apoptosis of myocardial cells was detected by TUNEL, the cardiac function was evaluated with multi-channel physiology recorder, the myocardium APPL1 protein expression was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry test, and the NO content was detected by nitrate reductase method. Group C underwent all those tests 16 weeks after taking basic forage. Results In group A, the apoptosis rate was 6.14% ± 0.02%, the AAPL1 level was 2.79 ± 0.32, left ventricular -dP/dt (LV-dP/dt) was (613.27 ± 125.36) mm Hg/s (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), the left ventricular end-diastol ic pressure (LVEDP) was (10.06 ± 3.24) mm Hg, and the NO content was (91.54 ± 6.15) nmol/mL. In group B, the apoptosis rate was 45.71% ± 0.04%, the AAPL1 level 1.08 ± 0.24 decreased significantly when compared with group A, the LVdP/ dt was (437.58 ± 117.58) mm Hg/s, the LVEDP was (17.89 ± 2.35) mm Hg, and the NO content was (38.91±8.67) nmol/mL. In group C, the apoptosis rate was 27.43% ± 0.03%, the APPL1 expression level was 2.03 ± 0.22, the LV -dP/dt was (559.38 ± 97.37) mm Hg/ s, the LVEDP was (12.55 ± 2.87) mm Hg, and the NO content was (138.79 ± 7.23) nmol/ mL. For the above mentioned parameters, there was significant difference between group A and group B (P lt; 0.05), and between group B and group C (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion BMSCs transplantation can improve the cardiac function of diabetic rats. Its possible mechanismmay be related to the activation of APPL1 signaling pathway and the increase of NO content.
Objective To analysis the electrophysiological dominance weight of the triceps brachii muscle/extensordigitorum communis muscle innervated by brachial plexus and to conclude its effect on the ipsilateral C7 transfer so as to offer electrophysiological data for the safety and indication of i psilateral C7 transfer. Methods From August 2007 to October 2007, 15 patients with complete brachial plexus nerve root avulsion received contralateral C7 transfer. There were 13 males and 2 females aged 18-49 years (28 years on average). Injury was caused by fall ing in 1 case, by crush in 2 cases and by traffic accident in 12 cases, involving left side in 8 cases and right side in 7 cases. The upper, middle and lower trunk of the brachial plexus were stimulated respectively, the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) at the triceps brachii muscle/extensor digitorum communis muscle was recorded, and then the electrophysiological dominance weight of the triceps brachii muscle/extensor digitorum communis muscle innervated by brachial plexus was confirmed according to the comparison of the ampl itude percentage of the CMAP by three trunks. The muscle strength of triceps brachii muscle/extensor digitorum communis muscle was evaluated and the electromyogram was taken 6 months after operation. Results All patients were followed up for 6 months. Concerning the electrophysiological dominance weight, the triceps brachii muscle was mainly innervated by uppermiddle trunk in 3 cases (20%), by middle-lower trunk in 3 cases (20%), by whole trunk in 7 cases (47%) and by middle trunk in 2 cases (13%). While the extensor digitorum communis muscle was mainly innervated by middle-lower trunk in 3 cases (20%), by whole trunk in 10 cases (67%) and by lower trunk in 2 cases (13%). Concerning the triceps brachii muscle, 2 patients got the muscle strength of 4 grade with recruitment simple phase at 1 month after operation and returned to normal at 3 month after operation, while 13 patients got the muscle strength of 5 grade with recruitment simple or mixed phase at 1 month after operation. Concerning the extensor digitorum communis muscle, the muscle strength and the recruitment phase of all 15 patients recovered to normal at 1 month after operation. Conclusion To patients with various kinds of electrophysiological dominance weight, the cutting of C7 does not substantially damage the triceps brachii muscle or extensor digitorum communis muscle, indicating that the ipsilateral C7 transfer is safe and feasible. However, it should be appl ied prudently for the patients with high dominance weight since it may result in the short-term decrease of triceps brachii muscle strength.
It has been proved that the bovine seminal plasma contains rich source of NGF around 0.1mg of pure NGF can be isolated from 10ml bovine seminal plasma. Modifying Gregory s method, we first successfully obtained the low molecular weight form of bovine NGF in China.We chose the dorsal root sensory ganglia (DRG) of embryonic chicken as a cultured nerve tissue, the NGF purified from seminal plasma is added to cultural plate with 96 holes. The cultural process was without plus serum and showed the high biological activity. It was found that this method has the advantages of simple technique, satisfactory result. It is an ibeal method for assaying the biological effect of NGF.