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find Keyword "死因" 166 results
  • Intra-pulmonary Artery Infusion of Antitumor Necrosis Factor-α Antibody Attenuates Lung Injury after Cardiopu-lmonary Bypass

    Objective To investigate the protective effects of antitumor necrosis factor-α antibody (TNF-αAb) on lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and their mechanisms. Methods Forty healthy New Zealand white rabbits,weighting 2.0-2.5 kg,male or female,were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rabbits in each group. In groupⅠ,the rabbits received CPB and pulmonary arterial perfusion. In group Ⅱ,the rabbits received CPB and pulmonary arterial perfusion with TNF-αAb. In group Ⅲ,the rabbits received CPB only. In group Ⅳ,the rabbits only received sham surgery. Neutrophils count,TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations of the blood samples from the left and right atrium as well as oxygenation index were examined before and after CPB in the 4 groups. Pathological and ultrastructural changes of the lung tissues were observed under light and electron microscopes. Lung water content,TNF-α mRNA and apoptoticindex of the lung tissues were measured at different time points. Results Compared with group Ⅳ,after CPB,the rabbitsin group Ⅰ to group Ⅲ showed significantly higher blood levels of neutrophils count,TNF-α and MDA(P<0.05),higherTNF-α mRNA expression,apoptosis index and water content of the lung tissues (P<0.05),and significantly lower oxyg-enation index (P<0.05) as well as considerable pathomorphological changes in the lung tissues. Compared with group Ⅱ,after CPB,the rabbits in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ had significantly higher blood concentrations of TNF-α (5 minutes after aortic declamping,220.43±16.44 pg/ml vs.185.27±11.78 pg/ml,P<0.05;249.99±14.09 pg/ml vs.185.27±11.78 pg/ml,P<0.05),significantly higher apoptosis index (at the time of CPB termination,60.7‰±13.09‰ vs. 37.9‰±7.78‰,P<0.05;59.6‰±7.74‰ vs. 37.9‰±7.78‰,P<0.05),significantly higher blood levels of neutrophils count and MDA (P<0.05),significantly higher TNF-α mRNA expression and water content of the lung tissues (P<0.05),and significantly loweroxygenation index (P<0.05) as well as considerable pathomorphological changes in the lung tissues. Compared with groupⅠ,rabbits in group Ⅲ had significantly higher above parameters (P<0.05) but lower oxygenation index (P<0.05) only at 30 minutes after the start of CPB. Conclusion Pulmonary artery perfusion with TNF-αAb can significantly attenuate inflammatory lung injury and apoptosis of the lung tissues during CPB.

    Release date:2016-08-30 05:47 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The role of Interleukin-10 in Airway Inflammation in COPD Rats

    ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum and lung tissue of COPD rats in order to elucidate the potential mechanism of airway inflammation. MethodsForty-five healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a COPD model group (n=30) and a normal control group (n=15). The COPD rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposure to cigarette smoke for 28 days. The concentrations of IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum and lung tissue were measured by ELISA. ResultsTNF-α level of serum and lung tissue in the COPD model group increased significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05),while the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 decreased significantly[serum:(44.68±8.67) ng/L vs. (75.96±10.59) ng/L;lung tissue:(64.55±9.03) ng/L vs. (94.06±8.71) ng/L,P<0.01]. The level of IL-10 in serum and lung tissue was negatively correlated with TNF-α (serum:r=-0.67,lung tissue:r=-0.80,P<0.01). The level of IL-10 in serum and lung tissue was positively correlated with IFN-γ (serum:r=0.64,lung tissue:r=0.72,P<0.01). The level of IL-10 in serum and lung tissue was negatively correlated with the percentage of neutrophils(serum:r=-0.70,lung tissue:r=-0.67,P<0.01). ConclusionIn COPD rats,down regulation of IL-10 plays an important role in regulation of airway inflammation.

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:31 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 谷参肠安早期肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎

    目的:观察谷参肠安早期肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎(Severe acute pancreatitis, SAP)的效果。方法:将50例SAP患者随机分为A组和B组(n=25)。A组采用常规治疗,B组采用常规治疗+谷参肠安治疗,比较两组血浆DAO, TNFα、IL10浓度,及APACHE Ⅱ评分。结果:两组入院后8日血浆DAO、TNFα取PACHE Ⅱ评分均较第1日显著降低,且第8日时两组差异显著(Plt;0.05),而血浆IL10浓度均较第1日显著上升,且第8日时两组差异显著(Plt;0.05)。结论:谷参肠安早期肠内营养对SAP有较好治疗作用。

    Release date:2016-08-26 02:21 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Experimental Study of Fe 3+ -Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose Preventing Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion and Inhibiting The Expressions of TNF-α and FGF in Injured Part of Postoperative Peritoneum

    Objective To study the effect of Fe 3+ -modified carborymethyl celluiose (Fe 3+ -CMC ) on preventing postoperative adhesion and inhibiting the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the injured parts of postoperative peritoneum. Methods Fourty Wistar mice were divided into 2 groups randomly, and abdominal adhesion models were made, then 0.9% NaCl (control group) and Fe 3+ -CMC (experimental group) were sprayed into the wound surface of abdominal cavity. All mice were killed to observe the adhesion condition on day 14 after operation. Another 120 Wistar mice were divided into 2 groups randomly, and abdominal adhesion models were made as mentioned above. Ten mice were killed which were chosen randomly from 2 groups on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 60, respectively. The expressions of TNF-α and FGF in the peritoneal injured and adhesion tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry technique. Results The adhesion grade in experimental group was much lower than that in control group ( P < 0.01). The expression of TNF-α (day 3-7 after operation) and FGF (day 5-7 after operation) in experimental group were lower than those in control group ( P < 0.05).Conclusion Fe 3+ -CMC can decrease postoperative adhesion grade and prevent the expressions of TNF-α and FGF in injured parts of postoperative peritoneum.

    Release date:2016-08-28 03:48 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Influence of Genders on Activity of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in Lungs in Endotoxemic Rats

    Objective To investigate influence of genders on the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in lungs of endotoxemic rats. Methods Twenty female and 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follow: female control group (n=10), male control group (n=10), male endotoxemic group (n=10), and female endotoxemic group (n=10). The endotoxemic rats model was made by injecting lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg) into the abdominal cavity. Tissue samples were collected from the lungs in different groups and electrophoresis mobility shift assay was used to measure the activity of NF-κB. The levels of serum TNF-α and estrogen were measured at the same time. Results There was no significant difference between the activities of NF-κB in male and female control groups (1.33±0.24 vs 1.47±0.40), and there was also no significant difference between other items in these groups as well (Pgt;0.05). Yet, the activity of NF-κB (female: 12.10±2.89; male: 19.53±2.12) and the level of TNF-α 〔female: (4.10±0.72) ng/ml; male: (6.37±1.29) ng/ml〕 were significantly increased after injection of lipopolysaccharide (Plt;0.01), and the indices in female group were significantly lower than those in male group (Plt;0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive relation between the activity of NF-κB in lungs and the level of TNF-α (female: r=0.921 1, P=0.013; male: r=0.907 2, P=0.017), and there was a negative correlation between the activity of NF-κB and the level of estrogen (female: r=-0.887 5, P=0.017; male: r=0.872 3, P=0.022) in both male endotoxemic group and female endotoxemic group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Gender may be one of the factors that influence the activity of NF-κB in the lungs of endotoxemic rats. While  on the other hand, endogenous estrogen may protect the lungs of endotoxemic rats from injury by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB.

    Release date:2016-08-28 04:08 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Effects of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase on Apoptosis of Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells after Transplantation in Rats

    【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the effects of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) on apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells after transplantation in rats. MethodsSmall intestinal transplantation was performed in SD and Wistar rats. The recipients were divided into three groups: isograft group (Wistar→Wistar group), allograft group (SD→Wistar group) and allograft+cyclosporine A group (SD→Wistar+CsA group). The grafts were harvested on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after operation. All graft samples were subjected to histological examination. The apoptosis of graft epithelial cells was detected by TUNEL method. p38 MAPK was measured by Westernblotting method and serum TNFα was determined by ELISA. ResultsMild, moderate and severe rejection reaction occurred in the SD→Wistar group, it was showed that the number of apoptotic cells increased with the severity of the rejection reaction by TUNEL. In SD→Wistar group, the numbers of apoptotic cells were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.01). The severity of rejection reaction in SD→Wistar+CsA group was less than that of SD→Wistar group and the number of apoptotic cells increased with the severity of the rejection reaction (P<0.01). The level of serum TNFα varied with the apoptotic degree of small intestinal epithelial cells in SD→Wistar group and SD→Wistar+CsA group (P<0.01). The expression of p38 MAPK increased with the number of the apoptotic cells in SD→Wistar group and SD→Wistar+CsA group (P<0.01), but there was no evident change in Wistar→Wistar group (Pgt;0.05). The expression of p38 MAPK and the level of serum TNFα were positively correlated with apoptosis in small intestinal rejection after transplantation (r=0.875, P<0.01; r=0.837, P<0.01). p38 MAPK and TNFα were also positively correlated (r=0.826,P<0.01). ConclusionApoptosis plays an important role in small intestinal rejection. p38 MAPK is involved in apoptosis and is an important regulator in signal pathway of cell apoptosis.

    Release date:2016-08-28 04:20 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Effect of Glutamine on Immune Function of Rat with Obstructive Jaundice

    【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the effect of glutamine on immune function of rat with obstructive jaundice and its possible mechanism. MethodsFifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control group (n=10), obstructive jaundice group (n=20) and glutamine treatment group (n=20). The serum concentration of TNF-α, IL-10 was detected by using radioimmune method. Liver function was measured through automated biochemistry analyzer. The animal model of obstructive jaundice was established by ligating the rat’s common bile duct. Bacteria cultures were performed with the rat’s tissues of lung, spleen, liver and kidney respectively. ResultsCompared with control group, obstructive jaundice group showed statistically lower serum level of TNF-α, and statistically higher serum level of IL-10, TBIL, ALT and AST during the first and the second week after ligation of common bile duct. During the first and second week after administration of glutamine, the serum TNF-α of glutamine treatment group was statistically higher than that in control group and obstructive jaundice group. Meanwhile, glutamine treatment group showed statistically lower serum level of IL-10, TBIL, ALT and AST than obstructive jaundice group. There were statistically less bacteria translocations in glutamine treatment group than those in obstructive jaundice group. Conclusion Glutamine can increase the immune function by changing serum concentration of TNF-α, IL-10 and decrease the bacteria translocation.

    Release date:2016-08-28 04:20 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Regulation of Nuclear FactorKappa B on Tumor Necrosis Factorα Expression in the Liver and Its Role in Liver Injury in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis

    ObjectiveTo explore the regulation of nuclear factorκB (NFκB) on tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) expression in the liver and its role in liver injury in rats with acute pancreatitis.MethodsSeventytwo Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: acute pancreatitis group (AP), acute pancreatitis treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group (APP) and sham operation group (SO). The hepatic NFκB activities were determined with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The expressions of hepatic TNFα mRNA were detected with RTPCR. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also measured.ResultsThe NFκB activities were significantly higher in AP and APP groups than those in SO group 3-6 hours after operation. The expressions of TNFα mRNA were ber in AP and APP groups than those in SO group 3-24 hours after operation. The levels of serum ALT were also significantly higher in these two groups than those in SO group 3-24 hours after operation. However, compared with AP group, the activities of NFκB, the expressions of TNFα mRNA and the levels of ALT significantly decreased in APP group.ConclusionThe activation of hepatic NFκB is associated with the liver injury by regulating TNFα mRNA expression in acute pancreatitis.

    Release date:2016-08-28 04:43 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Its Receptor in Gallstone and Gallbladder Carcinoma Tissue

    Objective To explore the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, TNF and TNFR in the gallbladder mucosa which developed from hyperplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma, and to further discuss the relationship between TNF and pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to determine TNF mRNA, TNF protein and TNFR protein expression in hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma of gallbladder. Results ①No one of 20 cases of gallbladder hyperplasia was found to express TNF mRNA, while 4 of 20 (20%) cases of dysplasia and 18 of 20 (90%) cases of carcinoma were found to express TNF mRNA (P<0.05). ②For the expression of TNF mRNA in mononuclear cells (MNC), positive staining was found in 15% of gallbladder hyperplasia, 85% of dysplasia and 90% of carcinoma, respectively (P<0.05). The cell numbers of positive staining MNC were 4.85±1.50, 6.00±2.71 and 9.33±3.07, respectively (P<0.05). ③In gallbladder carcinoma, the cell number of carcinoma and MNC with positive TNF mRNA expression was correlated with clinical stage (P<0.05). The higher the clinical stage, the more the positive staining cell numbers. The positive staining cell numbers of carcinoma in stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅳ-Ⅴ were 9.13±4.39 and 14.80±4.02, respectively (P<0.01), and the positive staining cell numbers of MNC were 7.13±2.53 and 11.10±2.23, respectively (P<0.05). ④The cell numbers of carcinoma and MNC with TNF mRNA expression increased with tumor size. In tumors with diameter over 2 cm and less than 2 cm, the positive staining cell numbers of carcinoma were 14.00±4.20 and 8.83±4.96, respectively (P<0.05), and that of MNC were 10.50±2.54 and 7.00±2.83, respectively (P<0.05). ⑤The region of TNF protein expression was similar to that of TNF mRNA, but TNF protein expression was more frequent and wider than that of TNF mRNA. ⑥The tumor necrosis factor receptor was expressed in tumoral vascular endothelial cells and MNC in all cases of carcinoma, but was negatively stained in mucosa epithelial cells and tumor cells of all cases. ⑦There was positive linear correlation in TNF mRNA between tumor cell and MNC (r=0.687, P<0.01), same as that in TNF protein expression (r=0.742, P<0.01); and there was positive linear correlation in tumor cell between TNF mRNA and TNF protein expression (r=0.847, P<0.01), same as that in MNC (r=0.643, P<0.01). Conclusion The TNF mRNA and TNF protein expression are increasing during the development of gallbladder mucosa epithelial from hyperplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma, and increasing with tumor stage. It suggests that TNF may contribute to carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma induced by gallstone, and related to the progression of gallbladder carcinoma.

    Release date:2016-08-28 04:43 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Effects of Early Hemofiltration on TNF-α and IL-1β in Pigs with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

    【Abstract】Objective To study the influence of early hemofiltration on plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and their transcription levels in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) pigs. Methods The model of SAP was induced by retrograde injection of artificial bile into pancreatic duct in pigs. Animals were divided randomly into two groups: SAP hemofiltration treatment group (HF group, n=8) and SAP no hemofiltration treatment group (NHF group, n=8). TNF-α and IL-1β plasma concentrations were measured by ELISA. Their transcription levels in the tissues of pancreas, liver and lung were assayed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results After hemofiltration treatment, the plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β increased gradually but were lower than those of NHF group at the same time spot 〔at 6 h after hemofiltration treatment, (618±276) pg/ml vs (1 375±334) pg/ml and (445±141) pg/ml vs (965±265) pg/ml, P<0.01〕. At 6 h after hemofiltration treatment, the transcription levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in tissues of pancreas, liver and lung were lower than in NHF group (57.8±8.9 vs 85.7±17.4, 48.0±8.1 vs 78.1±10.2, 46.2±9.6 vs 82.4±10.5; 55.9±9.0 vs 82.2±15.7, 40.6±9.2 vs 60.0±10.6, 35.7±9.8 vs 58.1±9.3, P<0.01). Conclusion Early hemofiltration can reduce TNF-α and IL-1β plasma concentrations and transcription levels in SAP pigs.

    Release date:2016-08-28 04:44 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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