Search

Treatment of Spontaneous Pneumothorax

①在自发性气胸的治疗方面:目前尚无足够高质量的临床证据确定任何干预或非干预措施对自发性气胸的治疗更有效.现有2个小样本的随机对照试验(RCT)显示,胸腔闭式引流比穿刺抽气治疗气体消散更快,但穿刺抽气治疗更能减少患者痛苦和住院时间;1个小样本的随机对照试验显示,采用标准的胸腔闭式引流管或细管,两者的置管时间无差异,但对大量积气的患者,标准管的气体吸收率高于细管;另1个小样本的随机对照试验显示,在使用瓣膜单向阀或水封引流瓶方面,两者对患者的气胸吸收率无影响,但使用瓣膜单向阀更能减少患者痛苦和住院时间;在胸腔闭式引流管连接负压吸引方面,1个小样本的随机对照试验显示,是否连接负压吸引对疗效无影响.②在自发性气胸复发的预防方面:2个随机对照试验和1个非随机对照试验显示,化学性胸腔粘连术比非化学性胸腔粘连术更能减少自发性气胸的复发率,但胸腔粘连术同时也引起患者疼痛和住院时间的延长;无足够临床证据证明需在首次或自发性气胸复发时采用胸腔粘连术;无足够临床证据进行外科和化学性胸腔粘连术疗效的比较,仅有1个小样本的随机对照试验提示进行电视胸腔镜手术比直接开胸术的住院时间短,但在降低复发率方面,两者无显著性统计学差异,但由于样本量的问题,尚不排除两者问有临床意义差异.

紧急气管插管后张力性气胸一例

胸腔镜手术后对侧张力性气胸一例

单孔胸腔镜治疗单侧气胸合并对侧肺大泡疗效分析Effect of uniportal thoracoscopic surgery for unilateral pneumothorax with contralateral pulmonary bullae

目的 探讨单孔胸腔镜治疗单侧气胸合并对侧肺大泡的安全性、有效性及实用性。 方法 回顾性分析内江市第一人民医院 2012 年 1 月至 2015 年 7 月单孔胸腔镜手术治疗 46 例单侧气胸合并对侧肺大泡患者的临床资料，其中男 29 例、女 17 例，年龄 15～34 岁。术前均经高分辨薄层 CT 检查证实为单侧气胸合并对侧肺大泡，同期行双侧手术。 结果 全组患者均顺利完成手术，无严重并发症及死亡病例。术后随访 1～36 个月，共有 3 例患者复发，其中气胸侧 2 例（4.35%），肺大泡侧 1 例（2.17%）。 结论 单孔胸腔镜治疗单侧气胸合并对侧肺大泡创伤小、安全、有效，能显著降低对侧气胸发生率。

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者并发自发性气胸的护理

摘要:目的:探讨老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸的临床特点和护理方法。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年8月至2009年1月47例老年COPD患者并发自发性气胸的临床资料。结果:采用以肋间闭式引流的内科治疗为主。其中35例肺完全复张,6例肺复张80%～90%,2次或2次以上复发5例,除1例死于呼吸衰竭外,其余患者经过一般护理和专科护理都得到康复。结论:老年COPD并发自发性气胸临床表现多不典型,易误诊,正确诊断和全面护理是治疗的关键。

Risky Factors of Early Death after Open Chest Injury and Seawater Immersion

目的　建立犬开放性气胸海水浸泡的实验模型 ,探讨实验动物早期死亡原因。　方法　 2 0条健康成年杂种犬随机分为两组。对照组 :实验动物受伤后直接观察 ;实验组 :动物受伤后置入人工配制的海水中。监测血流动力学、呼吸、血液渗透压、血液电解质、动脉血气变化以及肺部病理改变。　结果　实验组死亡率明显高于对照组 ,平均生存时间为 45分钟。实验组经海水浸泡后有急性呼吸和循环功能衰竭、严重电解质平衡紊乱、高渗血症、重度肺损伤以及严重代谢性和呼吸性酸中毒。　结论　开放性气胸后海水浸泡可引起一系列严重的病理生理变化 ,其结果是导致实验动物早期死亡的重要原因。

尘肺并发双侧自发性气胸21例临床分析

目的　探讨尘肺并发双侧自发性气胸的诱发因素、临床特点和急救处理方法，以减少误诊和降低死亡率。方法　回顾性分析2006年3月至2012年1月重庆市职业病防治院21例尘肺并发双侧自发性气胸患者的临床资料，男20例，女1例；平均年龄62 （46～65） 岁。发病缓慢者4例，突发起病17例。术前肺压缩程度＜30% 6例，30%～50% 10例，＞50% 5例。二期尘肺7例，三期14例。所有患者均采用双侧胸腔闭式引流术治疗。 结果　气胸治愈13例，好转5例；1例因持续漏气转外院行电视胸腔镜手术治疗好转出院；2例因早期患者不愿意采用手术治疗，而采用内科保守治疗延误手术时机，致急性呼吸循环衰竭死亡。胸腔引流管平均引流时间10.4 （4～24） d。随访17例，随访时间5～12个月，16例气胸无复发，1例并发右侧少量气胸经保守治疗痊愈，2例失访。 结论　尘肺并发双侧气胸患者多数突然发病，临床症状有时不典型，易误诊，发生严重的缺氧和急性呼吸功能衰竭，从而危及患者生命；对明确诊断者及时行双侧胸腔闭式引流术治疗是救治成功的关键。

Single-incision Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery versus Conventional Three-port Surgery for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of single-incision video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) versus conventional three-port VATS for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data from inception to Dec. 2014, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing single-incision VATS and conventional three-port VATS for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 8 cohort studies involving 483 patients were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:Compared with conventional three-port VATS, single-incision VATS had shorter operation time (MD=-3.90, 95%CI -7.22 to -0.58, P=0.02), less amount of intraoperative bleeding (MD=-9.34, 95%CI -15.26 to -3.42, P=0.002), shorter chest drainage time (MD=-0.66, 95%CI -1.02 to -0.29, P=0.000 4), lower VAS score of 24h-postoperative pain (MD=-0.90, 95%CI -1.14 to -0.66, P<0.000 01) and lower incidence of postoperative paresthesia (OR=0.15, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.31, P<0.000 01). Meanwhile, there were no statistical differences between both groups in hospital stay (MD=-0.30, 95%CI -0.63 to 0.03, P=0.08) and the recurrence of pneumothorax (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.25 to 1.83, P=0.53). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows, single-incision VATS is superior to conventional three-port VATS in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. However, due to limited quality and quantity of included studies, more large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Analysis of influencing factors for complications during percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor

ObjectiveTo explore and analyze the related influencing factors for common intraoperative complications during CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019, and analyzed the influencing factors for complications. ResultsA total of 106 patients were enrolled. There were 58 (54.7%) males and 48 (45.3%) females aged 46-81 (68.05±8.05) years. All patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 47.67±16.47 min, and the hospital stay time was 2.45±1.35 d. The main intraoperative complications were pneumothorax (16.0%, 17/106) and intrapulmonary hemorrhage (22.6%, 24/106). Univariate analysis showed that the number of pleural punctures had an impact on the occurrence of pneumothorax (P=0.00). The length of the puncture path (P=0.00), ablation range (P=0.03) and ablation time (P=0.00) had an impact on the occurrence of intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the size of the lesion (OR=17.85, 95%CI 3.41-93.28, P=0.00) and the number of pleural punctures (OR=0.02, 95%CI 0.00-0.11, P=0.00) were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of pneumothorax. The length of the puncture path (OR=15.76, 95%CI 5.34-46.57, P=0.00) was the independent influencing factor for the occurrence of intrapulmonary hemorrhage. ConclusionPercutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor is safe and with a high success rate, but intraoperative complications are affected by many factors, so the surgeons should be proficient in operating skills to avoid complications.

A Clinical Study of Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Elderly Patients

目的:探讨老年人自发性气胸的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法:对本院在2005年11月至2008年4月间收治的79例老年人自发性气胸患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:老年人自发性气胸大多有肺部基础疾病,临床表现缺乏特异性,本组误诊为慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作4例、左心衰2例、支气管哮喘1例。气胸类型: 张力性气胸47例(72.1%),闭合性气胸11例,交通性气胸21例。采用以肋间闭式引流的为主的治疗措施,效果好。结论:老年人自发性气胸大多有肺部基础疾病, 易误诊,气胸的类型以张力性气胸多见,治疗多需排气减压术,及早的排气减压可望缓解症状,缩短肺复张时间,减少患者住院天数, 降低死亡率,提高老年人生活质量。