Objective To use Kaiser model, three-dimensional risk matrix and Borda ordinal value method comprehensively to analyze the vulnerability of disasters, and identify the key prevention and control risks of the hospital. Methods From June to December 2020, a disaster vulnerability analysis was conducted on a tertiary hospital in southwest China. The risk event evaluation index system was established by referring to the Kaiser model, and the evaluation indexes were classified into three aspects: possibility, controllability and harmfulness. The three-dimensional risk matrix was used to calculate the risk score to determine the risk level. The Borda ordinal value was used to compare the ranking of risk events in the same risk level. Result “Violent medical injuries” “terrorist attacks” and “explosions” were the highest ranked risk events, which needed to be prioritized and targeted for improvement. Conclusions Disaster vulnerability analysis is an important means of emergency management in hospitals. Managers should dynamically assess hospital risks, take effective preventive measures for high-risk events, conduct emergency plan drills, continuously improve risk warning mechanisms, and enhance emergency management capabilities.
Objective To provide reference for hospital emergency preparedness for disasters in China by summarizing the main results from articles involving hospital emergency readiness. Method We systematically searched MEDLINE (1950 to June 2008), CNKI (1980 to June 2008) and some websites. The main results of the eligible articles are described. Results A total of 85 articles were included, of which expert articles and surveys accounted for 44% and 29%, respectively. An emergency hospital plan should address the following 4 phases of disaster management: mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery. The following factors should be considered when developing hospital emergency plans: surge capacity, disaster planning, collaboration, training, drill, personnel, equipment, triage, diagnosis, treatment, decontamination, funding, individual security, logistic, psychological support, etc. Questionnaires, checklists or specific tools could be applied to evaluate such emergency plans. Conclusion Hospital emergency preparedness is essential for effective disaster relief. Hospitals should develop emergency plans for a variety of disasters, based on their local situations.
目的:分析汶川大地震颅脑损伤的临床特点,探讨救治策略。方法:对2008年5月12日至6月2日汶川大地震中什邡市二医院收治的222例颅脑损伤伤员进行总结分析。结果:大批地震伤员中,颅脑损伤主要以轻、中型颅脑损伤为主,其中以头皮裂伤最多见,其次为脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿、硬膜外血肿、开放性脑损伤。大部分颅脑损伤伤员合并有其他部位损伤,以合并四肢骨折最多见。开展手术28例,死亡7例。结论:地震后伤员在短期内集中大量达到,颅脑损伤以头皮裂伤多见,医院有效的组织,快速评估病情,制定有效的治疗计划,注意合并伤的处理,强化院前急救以及三线医院转送,提高救治成功率。
目的:信息系统的改进应用是为确保急诊科预检分诊处将来能使医院对自然灾害事件的伤员救治时以最便捷、最快速的方式录入自然灾害事件伤员的信息资料和快速评估伤情，优先准确的将伤员按病情和就诊区域分类，以便畅通及时救治伤员；在治疗中和日后便于识别、查找、统计灾害事件伤员。方法:LIS（检验系统）+ RIS（影像系统）+ HIS（无纸化办公系统）三合一系统和增加自然灾害伤员的“录入信息资料”眉栏。结果:进一步改进信息网络应用系统后，能满足一般患者信息资料录入和自然灾害事件应急状况下的患者资料录入，实现电子病历和电子处方等信息网络系统，达到院内、科内资源共享。
Objective To analyze the injury characteristics and the rescue process and effects for the victims admitted in the People’s Hospital of Deyang City within 72 hours after 4.20 Lushan earthquake, so as to discuss how to adopt the emergency program to implement medical rescue in disaster relief. Methods The data of 25 earthquake victims admitted in the hospital from April 20th, 2013 to April 23rd, 2013 were collected to analyze age, gender, the location of injury, the injury state of different age groups, and the prognosis of victims. Results Of the 25 victims with injuries on 32 locations of the body, there were 20 cases with single injury (80.00%) and 5 cases with multiple injuries (20.00%). Most injuries were seen in four limbs, body surface, and soft tissues; and the incidence of single injury was higher than that of multiple injuries. The number of admitted victims was largest on the first day after earthquake, accounted for 92.00%, which was obviously higher than that on the second and the third day. Victims aged from 19 to 45 years old was more than those of other ages. Conclusion Scientific emergency command system and disaster emergency program play an high-efficient command role in disaster rescue, shorten the time of emergency response, and improve the ability of disaster rescue. The comprehensive capacity of self-rescue and well-organized rescue for disaster area can be improved as long as the general public is educated about the disaster emergency program and cooperative emergency drill. Meanwhile, smooth traffic and unobstructed communication are guaranteed in the disaster area, and the cooperative efforts are made by all walks of society.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the influencing factors of disaster resilience for medical rescue workers. MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, EMbase, Scopus, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the influencing factors of disaster resilience for medical rescue workers from inception to November 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using Stata 16.0 software. ResultsA total of 36 studies involving 7 974 medical rescue workers were included. The meta-analysis results showed that personal influencing factors, including active coping, rescue confidence, disaster preparedness, knowledge attainment, physical health, and exercise were positively correlated with the disaster resilience of healthcare workers. However, depression, anxiety, stress, and a history of mental illness were negatively related to the disaster resilience of medical rescue workers. Environmental and background factors, including social support, relief supplies, disaster training, economic condition, rescue experience, length of service, and technical title, were positively correlated with the disaster resilience of medical rescue workers. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the disaster resilience of medical rescue workers is affected by a variety of personal factors and environmental/background factors. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
目的：分析汶川地震灾后地震伤员眼科专业相关伤情特点以及伴发伤特点，为处理类似大规模灾难事件提供基础资料。方法：收集汶川地震后绵阳地区及周边4个受灾严重的区市县11家大中型医院(含外援医疗队)诊治地震伤员的眼科相关伤情，对其受伤特点和处置预后进行综合分析。结果：11家医院共诊治眼科专业相关患者226例，前四位排序为：结膜下出血、眼附属器损伤、眼眶骨折、远达性视网膜损伤，常见伴发疾病为颅脑外伤、挤压综合症、耳鼻喉外伤。经及时治疗大部分治愈，仅10例患者遗留功能障碍。结论：高烈度地震灾害在现代有其自身特点，建立灾后相关伤情疾病谱对于处理类似突发公共卫生事件中及时高效抢救和安排资源分配具有重要意义。