ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of invasion of CD133 positive population in gallbladder cancer. MethodsThe invasive abilities of the CD133 positive cells and the CD133 negative cells were detected by Transwell.The CXCR4 mRNA and protein in the CD133 positive cells and the CD133 negative cells were detected by the semi-quanti-tative RT-PCR, Western blot method, and immunofluorescence, respectively.SDF-1αand AMD3100 were respectively used to stimulate/inhibit the GBC-SD cells.The invasive ability and the migration force were detected in the CD133 posi-tive cells and the CD133 negative cells.The expressions CD133 mRNA and protein of the GBC-SD cells were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot method, respectively. Results①The number of invasion cells in the CD133 positive cells was significantly more than that in the CD133 negative cells (23.78±8.74 versus 6.56±3.09, P=0.000 7).②The fluorescent protein of CXCR4 in the CD133 positive cells was stronger than that in the CD133 negative cells.The expression of CXCR4 mRNA in the CD133 positive cells was significantly higher than that in the CD133 negative cells (0.642 4±0.020 4 versus 0.335 9±0.043 2, P=0.004).The expression of CXCR4 protein in the CD133 positive cells was significantly higher than that in the CD133 negative cells (0.765 0±0.106 6 versus 0.409 4±0.019 5, P=0.013).③In the CD133 positive cells, compared with the control group, the number of invasion cells was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (62.89±15.27 versus 23.78±8.74, P=0.000 6) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (10.33±2.00 versus 23.78±8.74, P=0.000 2).In the CD133 negative cells, compared with the control group, the number of invasion cells was not significant change in the SDF-1αgroup (6.89±4.23 versus 6.59±3.09, P=0.41) and in the AMD3100 group (6.11±2.67 versus 6.59±3.09, P=0.38), respectively.④In the CD133 positive cells, compared with the control group, the number of migration cells was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (74.56±15.80 versus 35.56±10.97, P=0.000 3) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (12.67±2.40 versus 35.56±10.97, P=0.000 2).In the CD133 negative cells, compared with the control group, the number of migration cells was not significant change in the SDF-1αgroup (9.78±2.04 versus 9.56±1.74, P=0.43) and in the AMD3100 group (9.54±1.74 versus 9.56±1.74, P=0.42).⑤In the GBC-SD cells, compared with the control group, the CD133 mRNA was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (0.626 5±0.048 7 versus 0.450 0±0.024 3, P=0.004) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (0.359 3±0.047 3 versus 0.450 0±0.024 3, P=0.011);the CD133 protein was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (0.508 9±0.020 7 versus 0.440 9±0.013 0, P=0.016) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (0.317 7±0.013 7 versus 0.440 9±0.013 0, P=0.004). ConclusionThe high invasion ability of CD133 positive population in gallbladder cancer might be due to the high expression of CXCR4.
Objective To investigate the prognostic value of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） related proteins （Snail， E-cadherin， and N-cadherin） in gastric cancer and its relationship with tumor initiating cells （TICs） marker （CD133）. Methods The expressions of EMT-related proteins and CD133 protein in the gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa tissues adjacent to gastric cancer were detected by Western blot method. The relations between the expressions of EMT-related factors proteins and CD133 protein and the clinicopathologic characters were analyzed. The correlations between EMT-related factors and CD133 were analyzed by Spearman. The correlations between EMT-related factors expressions and CD133 expression and survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Results ① The protein expression levels of Snail， N-cadherin， and CD133 in the gastric cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal gastric mucosa tissues adjacent to gastric cancer （Snail：0.599±0.114 versus 0.259±0.108， P=0.020；N-cadherin：0.754±0.154 versus 0.329±0.134， P=0.001；CD133：0.635±0.119 versus 0.485±0.116， P=0.029）， while the protein expression level of E-cadherin was lower than that in the normal gastric mucosa tissues adjacent to gastric cancer （0.378±0.123 versus 0.752±0.156， P=0.003）.② The expression levels of Snail and N-cadherin in the gastric cancer patients with vascular invasion， lymphatic vessel invasion，N3 lymph node metastasis， diameter more than 5 cm， and Ⅲ＋Ⅳ staging were significantly higher than those in the patients without vascular invasion， lymphatic vessel invasion， N0-N2 lymph node metastasis， diameter less than 5 cm， andⅠ＋Ⅱ staging（P＜0.05）， while E-cadherin protein expression was lower than that in the patients without vascular invasion， lymphatic vessel invasion， N0-N2 lymph nodes metastasis， andⅠ＋Ⅱstaging （P＜0.05）. The expression levels of CD133 in the gastric cancer patients with lymphatic vessel invasion， diameter more than 5 cm， and Ⅲ＋Ⅳ staging were significantly higher than those in the patients without lymphatic vessel invasion， diameter less than 5 cm， andⅠ＋Ⅱ staging （P＜0.05）. ③The Snail and N-cadherin protein expressions were significantly positive correlated with CD133 protein expression， respectively （rs=0.278， P=0.048；rs=0.406， P=0.003）， while E-cadherin protein expression was significantly negative correlated with CD133 protein expression （rs=-0.504， P=0.000）.④ The survival time in the patients with lower expressions of Snail， N-cadherin， and CD133 were significantly longer than those in the patients with higher expressions of Snail， N-cadherin， and CD133 （P＜0.05）. The combination of Snail， N-cadherin， E-cadherin， and CD133 could effectively predict survival. Conclusions There is a significant correlation between EMT and gastric cancer TICs， and which are correlated with aggressive clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer. The combination of Snail， E-cadherin， N-cadherin， and CD133 may be effectively predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) for the acute appendicitis patients based on our extensive experiences. MethodsThe data of all the acute appendicitis patients who underwent appendectomy from January 2013 to December 2014 in our department were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 201 patients were enrolled and divided into LA group (n=102) and OA group (n=99). The relevant clinical indexes during and after operation of two groups were compared. ResultsThere were no significant difference in age, gender, and underlying disease between LA and OA patients (P > 0.05). And the abdominal cavity infection rate, abdominal drainage rate and 30-day readmission rate were also similar (P > 0.05). But LA group had less operative time, lower infection operative wound rate, less intestinal function recovery time, shorter inhospital days and higher hospital expenses than OA group (P < 0. 05). In addition, perforated appendix and LA could increase the rate of abdominal drainage[OR=2.710, 95% CI(1.129, 6.507), P=0.026]. ConclusionsBoth LA and OA are safe and effective methods for the treatment of acute appendicitis. But LA has several advantages over OA on less operative time and postoperative complications, earlier recovery, and shorter inhospital days. While LA have higher hospital cost than OA, it still should be considered as a prefer way to cure acute appendicitis. LA is a independent risk factor of abdominal drainage.