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find Author "王小燕" 6 results
  • 不同年资护士对不良事件上报态度的调查研究

    目的探讨不同年资护士对不良事件的上报态度。 方法在2014年10月-2015年1月利用临床不良事件报告研究量表,随机对某三级甲等医院不同年资护士进行集中调查,评价不同年资(新入职组、低年资组、中年资组、高年资组)护士对不良事件的上报态度,采用单因素方差分析进行统计分析。 结果共发放370份问卷,收回有效问卷355份,问卷有效回收率为95.9%。新入职组79人,低年资组121人,中年资组88人,高年资组67人。不同年资护士对不良事件上报态度差异无统计学意义(F=1.465,P=0.224)。 结论加强护士安全意识及不良事件相关知识的培训,建立非惩罚性的工作环境,倡导人文关怀,培养正确的不良事件上报态度,提升护士对不良事件的上报意愿,有利于护理服务质量不断提升。

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  • RESEARCH PROGRESS OF NEURAL STEM CELLS SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY

    To summarize Notch, basic hel ix-loop-hel ix (bHLH) and Wnt gene signal transduction pathways in the process of differentiation and development of neural stem cells. Methods The l iterature on the gene signal transduction pathway in the process of differentiation and development of neural stem cells was searched and then summarized and analyzed. Results The formation of Nervous System resulted from common actions of multi-signal transduction pathways. There may exist a fixed threshold in the compl icated selective system among Notch, bHLH and Wnt gene signal transduction pathways. Conclusion At present, the specific gene signal transduction pathway of multi pl ication and differentiation of neural stem cells is still unclear.

    Release date:2016-09-01 09:12 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The Value of Transperineal Three-dimensional Ultrasound Imaging in the Diagnosis of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

    ObjectiveTo study the value of transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). MethodsFifty-two female patients undergoing transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound imaging between December 2011 and May 2013 were chosen for our study. Thirty-two of them with POP were designated into the observation group, and the other 20 patients with common gynecological diseases were regarded as the control group. Both the two groups of patients underwent transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound imaging in their resting state, action state (Valsalva deep inspiration followed by breath holding), and under levator ani muscle shrinking condition. These three kinds of state images clearly showed pelvic floor levator hiatus area and sagittal levator hiatus lengths change in the patients. ResultsPelvic floor was more relaxed in the observation group than that in the control group. The levator hiatus area and sagittal levator hiatus lengths were larger in the observation group than those in the control group, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). ConclusionTransperineal three-dimensional ultrasound imaging can better display pelvic anatomic structure, improve the effectiveness and accuracy of the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse, which is worthy of clinical application.

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  • FUNCTION OF INTERCELLULAR ADHESION A, FIBRINOGEN BINDING PROTEIN, AND ACCUMULATION-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN GENES IN FORMATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS-CANDIDA ALBICANS MIXED SPECIES BIOFILMS

    ObjectiveTo explore the function of intercellular adhesion A (icaA), fibrinogen binding protein (fbe), and accumulation-associated protein (aap) genes in formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis-Candida albicans mixed species biofilms. MethodsThe experiment was divided into 3 groups:single culture of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC35984 (S. epidermidis group) or Candida albicans ATCC10231 (C. albicans group), and co-culture of two strains (mixed group) to build in vitro biofilm model. Biofilm mass was detected by crystal violet semi-quantitative adherence assay at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after incubation. XTT assay was performed to determine the growth kinetics in the same time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of the biofilms after 24 and 72 hours of incubation. The expressions of icaA, fbe, and aap genes were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. ResultsCrystal violet semi-quantitative adherence assay showed that the biofilms thickened at 12 hours in the S. epidermidis and mixed groups; after co-cultured for 72 hours the thickness of biofilm in mixed group was more than that in the S. epidermidis group, and there was significant difference between 2 groups at the other time (P<0.05) except at 72 hours (P>0.05). In C. albicans group, the biofilm started to grow at 12 hours of cultivation, but the thickness of the biofilm was significantly lower than that in the mixed group in all the time points (P<0.05). XTT assay showed that the overall growth speed in the mixed group was greater than that in the C. albicans group, and it was greater than that in the S. epidermidis group at 48 hours; there was no significant difference in the growth speed between the mixed groups and the S. epidermidis group in the other time points (P>0.05) except at 12 hours (P<0.05). The absorbance (A) value in the mixed group was lower than that in the S. epidermidis group at 2 and 4 hours, but no significant difference was shown (P>0.05); the A value of mixed group was significantly higher than that of the C. albicans group after 6 hours (P<0.05). SEM observation showed that mature biofilms with complex structure formed in all groups. The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed the expressions of fbe, icaA, and aap genes in mixed group increased 1.93, 1.52, and 1.46 times respectively at 72 hours compared with the S. epidermidis group (P<0.05). ConclusionMixed species biofilms have more complex structure and are thicker than single species biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis or Candida albicans, which is related to increased expressions of the icaA, fbe, and aap genes of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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  • STRUCTURE OF CANDIDA ALBICANS-STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS MIXED SPECIES BIOFILM ON POLYVINYL CHLORIDE BIOMATERIAL

    ObjectiveTo establish an in vitro model of Candida albicans-Staphylococcus epidermidis mixed species biofilm on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material, and to observe mixed species biofilm formation and its microstructure. MethodsStaphylococcus epidermidis bacteria (ATCC35984) and Candida albicans fungal (ATCC10231)were co-incubated with 0.5 cm diameter PVC pieces in tryptic soy broth (TSB) to form mixed specie biofilms (experimental group). At 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, the thicknesses of the biofilms, the number of bacteria per sight, and the percentage of viable cells in biofilms were measured, and three-dimensional images of biofilms were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 48 hours. PVC material cultured in the TSB medium served as control group. ResultsIn control group, there was no pathogenic bacteria adhesion on the PVC material surface. In experimental group, CLSM showed that colonies and biofilm formation were found at 6 hours after co-culture, and gradually increased with time. The pathogenic bacteria colonies reached the peak at 24 hours, and biofilm thickness attained peak value at 48 hours. In experimental group, the number of colony was significantly different among 2, 6, and 24 hours, and between 2, 6 hours and 48, 72 hours (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among 24, 48, and 72 hours (P>0.05). The biofilm thickness showed significant difference between the other time points (P<0.05) except between 48 and 72 hours (P>0.05). The percentage of viable cells in the outer layers of the biofilm was significantly higher than that in inner and middle layers at 48 hours (P<0.05). Three-dimensional reconstruction displayed that the surface of mixd species was uneven; living bacterium mainly located at the protuberance, and dead bacteria mainly located at the concaves. SEM image showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis attached to various forms of Candida albicans (spores, pseudohyphae, hyphae) gradually, and formed multilayer reticulate sophisticated structure on the surface of PVC with time. ConclusionCandida albicans-Staphylococcus epidermidis mixed species biofilm is sophisticated in structure. The combination of CLSM, SEM, and three-dimensional image reconstruction technology is ideal for investigation of mixed species biofilm on PVC material.

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  • In vivo study on the effects of intercellular adhesion operon of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the inflammation associated with bacteria-fungal mixed biofilm

    ObjectiveTo study the effect of intercellular adhesion (ica) operon of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the inflammation associated with mixed biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans on endotracheal tube material in rabbits. MethodsThe standard strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (ica operon positive, positive group) and ATCC12228 (ica operon negative, negative group) were taken to prepare a bacterial solution with a concentration of 1×106 CFU/mL, respectively. Then, the two bacterial solutions were mixed with the standard strain of Candida albicans ATCC10231 of the same concentration to prepare a mixed culture solution at a ratio of 1∶1, respectively. The mixed culture solution was incubated with endotracheal tube material for 24 hours. The formation of mixed biofilm on the surface of the material was observed by scanning electron microscope. Thirty New Zealand rabbits, aged 4-6 months, were divided into two groups (n=15), and the endotracheal tube materials of the positive group and the negative group that were incubated for 24 hours were implanted beside the trachea. The body mass of rabbits in the two groups was measured before operation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation. At 1, 3, and 7 days after operation, the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and monocytechemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were detected by using an ELISA test kit. At 7 days after operation, the formation of mixed biofilm on the surface of the endotracheal tube materials was observed by scanning electron microscope, the inflammation and infiltration of tissues around the materials were observed by HE staining, and the bacterial infections in heart, lung, liver, and kidney were observed by plate colony counting method.ResultsScanning electron microscope observation showed that the mixed biofilm structure was obvious in the positive group after 24 hours in vitro incubation, but no mixed biofilm formation was observed in the negative group. In vivo studies showed that there was no significant difference in body mass between the two groups before operation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation (P>0.05). Compared with the negative group, the levels of MCP-1 and IL-1β at 1 day, and the levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α at 3 and 7 days in the positive group all increased, with significant differences (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation showed that a large amount of Staphylococcus epidermis and mixed biofilm structure were observed in the positive group, and a very small amount of bacteria was observed in the negative group with no mixed biofilm structure. HE staining of surrounding tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltration in both groups, and neutrophils and lymphocytes were more in the positive group than in the negative group. There was no significant difference in the number of bacterial infections in heart and liver between the two groups (P>0.05). The number of bacterial infections in lung and kidney in the positive group was higher than that in negative group (P<0.05).ConclusionIn the mixed infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, the ica operon may strengthen the structure of the biofilm and the spread of the biofilm in vivo, leading to increased inflammatory factors, and the bacteria are difficult to remove and persist.

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