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Author
"王桂芝" 3 results
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Objective To systematically review the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) versus lecture-based learning (LBL) teaching models on students in surgery education in China. Methods Such databases as CNKI, WanFang Data and PubMed were electronically searched for literature on PBL versus LBL applied in surgery education in China up to June 30th, 2013. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results Sixteen studies were included totally, all of which were low in quality. Compared with LBL, PBL was superior in surgery comprehensive scores (WMD=4.98, 95%CI 3.88 to 6.09, Plt;0.000 01), fundamental theoretical knowledge (WMD=3.09, 95%CI 0.81 to 5.38, P=0.008), clinical manipulation skills (WMD=4.70, 95%CI 2.69 to 6.71, Plt;0.000 01), and practical ability (WMD=2.13, 95%CI 1.11 to 3.15, Plt;0.000 1) with significant differences. Conclusion PBL teaching method is superior to LBL in surgery education.
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目的 总结应用“杠杆松解”技术解决股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)螺旋刀片取出困难的效果。方法 2015年10月—2020年10月,9例股骨转子间和/或转子下骨折PFNA内固定后,二次手术取出内固定物时发生螺旋刀片取出困难。男8例,女1例;年龄48~68岁,平均58岁。PNFA内固定术至该次取出手术时间15~23个月,平均19个月。取出内固定物原因:螺旋刀片向内穿透股骨头2例、螺旋刀片退出激惹软组织1例、患者要求取出6例。术中采用“杠杆松解”技术,通过上、下敲击连接主钉的主钉打出器,使主钉上、下滑动带动螺旋刀片松解,顺利完整取出内固定物。结果 手术时间55~128 min,平均92 min;术中出血量70~150 mL,平均108 mL;术中无医源性骨折、血管及神经损伤发生。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。9例患者均获随访,随访时间4~9个月,平均6个月。X线片复查显示内固定物均完整取出。末次随访时,髋关节功能 Harris 评分为 95~100 分,均获优。未出现再骨折、创伤性关节炎、术区疼痛等并发症。结论 PFNA螺旋刀片取出困难时可选择“杠杆松解”技术,是一种简单、有效的取出方法。
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目的总结股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)内固定术后尾帽退出患者资料,为临床医生认识该并发症提供参考。方法 回顾分析2018年1月—2020年5月6例股骨转子间或转子下骨折PFNA内固定术后发生尾帽退出患者临床资料。男2例,女4例;年龄32~82岁,平均55岁。股骨转子间骨折Evans-Jensen分型,ⅠB型1例,ⅡB型3例,股骨转子下骨折Seinshemer分型,ⅡA型1例,Ⅴ型 1例;术中透视及术后首次X线片证实尾帽与主钉均锁紧无间隙;尾帽与螺旋刀片静态锁定4例,动态锁定2例。使用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)评分于内固定术后2周、初次发现尾帽退出后2周、末次随访时对患者焦虑程度进行评估。结果 6例患者均获随访,随访时间10~24个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间3~5个月。内固定术后2周GAD-7评分2~7分,平均4.8分,正常2例、轻度焦虑4例;初次发现尾帽退出后2周GAD-7评分4~12分,平均8.2分,正常1例、轻度焦虑3例、中度焦虑2例;末次随访时GAD-7评分0~4分,平均2.0分,均为正常。末次随访时尾帽退出高度为3.6~10.0 mm,平均6.77 mm;尾帽均部分留存于主钉内,无完全脱出者;行内固定物保留4例,内固定物取出治疗2例。6例患者均未出现患髋部疼痛、髋关节功能障碍、内固定失效、骨折延迟愈合、再次骨折等并发症;末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分94~98分,均获优。结论 尾帽退出是股骨转子间或转子下骨折PFNA内固定术后内固定物机械松动的罕见形式,当其发生时可加重患者焦虑程度,但不会造成严重危害,应根据具体情况选择适当处理方法。