This study aims to investigate the effect ofγ-Secretase Inhibitor DAPT, (N-[N-(3, 5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester), on the differentiation of neural precursor cells and the production of neurons in the neural precursor cell line GE6. GE6 was cultured in medium with 4μmol/L DAPT added as the experimental group and the untreated medium separately as the control group. After 4 days of differentiation, we carried out the following experiments. We used immuno-fluorescent staining to observe the ratio of Tuj1, GFAP and O4 positive cells. We also used qRT-PCR to detect the effect of the DAPT on Tuj1 and GFAP mRNA transcription in the GE6. The results of immuno-fluorescent staining indicated that the Tuj1 ratio of experimental group was higher compared to that of the control group, but the GFAP and O4 ratio of experimental group was lower than that of the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The result of qRT-PCR was in accordance with immunofluorescent staining results. It was well concluded that DAPT could promote the neurogenic differentiation of neural precursor cell line rather than leading to gliogenic differentiation. More neurons could be obtained for transplantation with the addition of DAPT.
目的:观察前列地尔治疗失代偿期肝硬化的疗效。方法:对2007年2月到2008年2月入院的失代偿期肝硬化期肝硬化患者，按入院次序，查阅随机数字表分为治疗组和对照组，均给予支持、保肝、利尿治疗，治疗组加输前列地尔100 μg+5%葡萄糖液250 mL，每日1次，疗程2周。以治疗前后ALT，AST，前白蛋白，24小时尿量，腹围，B超下腹水深度为观察指标。结果:治疗2周后，治疗组与对照组比较，AST，ALT，腹围及腹水深度显著下降，而前白蛋白及24小时尿量显著升高。结论:前列地尔治疗失代偿期肝硬化疗效显著，副作用少。值得临床推广应用。
ObjectiveChinese practice guideline for therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin is the first therapeutic drug monitoring guideline in the framework of GRADE in China. The guideline panels met a recommendation consensus in December 21th, 2014 and finalized 14 recommendations. The aim of the current study was to assess the property of recommendations and revise them. MethodsWe commissioned an external review of recommendations by questionnaire. Physicians, clinical pharmacists and nurses above or equal to intermediate certificate were investigated for appreciations, clarity and feasibility of 14 recommendations as well as other suggestions about guideline. The guideline panels discussed the results and revised recommendations based on the result of external review. ResultsA total of 40 physicians, clinical pharmacist and nurses from 11 departments of 4 hospitals participated in the external review. The overall appreciation degree of recommendations was 70%, the overall clarity degree of recommendations was 88%, and the overall feasibility degree of recommendations was 70%. Among them, appreciation degree of 4 recommendations and feasibility degree of 5 recommendations were fewer than 50%. 165 subjective suggestions were received. After review of the results, the guideline panels reserved 6 recommendations while revised 8 (Deleted 4, combined 2 and improved 2). ConclusionOur external review is an exploration and attempt in the region of development of Chinese evidence-based practice guideline. More interest-related individuals are involved in the development of guideline. Clarity and feasibility of recommendations are ensured.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsThe Web of Science, Pubmed, OVID, Cochrane Library, CNKI, EMbase, Sciencedirect, Chinese biomedical database, and Wanfang database before August 2017 were searched, and the relevant data resources were also searched by hand to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics for prevention of VAP. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using a modified version of the Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 16 RCTs were included. The use of probiotics can reduce the incidence of VAP [RR=0.71, 95%CI (0.62, 0.80), P<0.000 01], ICU days [MD=–3.28, 95%CI (–6.15, –0.41), P=0.03] and total duration of antibiotics [MD=–2.47, 95%CI (–4.89, –0.04), P=0.05], but can not reduce the mortality of ICU [RR=0.99, 95%CI (0.74, 1.32), P=0.94], hospital mortality [RR=0.77, 95%CI (0.58, 1.01), P=0.06], 28-day mortality [RR=1.01, 95%CI (0.69, 1.47), P=0.97], 90-day mortality [RR=1.00, 95%CI (0.72, 1.37), P=0.99], hospital stays [MD=–0.68, 95%CI (–3.88, 2.52), P=0.68], duration of mechanical ventilation [MD=–2.17, 95%CI (–4.78, 0.44), P=0.10], or the incidence of diarrhea [RR=0.96, 95%CI (0.80, 1.14), P=0.62]. No serious adverse events were reported in all included RCTs.ConclusionsThe use of probiotics can reduce the incidence of VAP, but it has no effect on the mortality, hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation or the incidence of diarrhea. However, considering the heterogeneity of research designs, we need more rigorous, large sample randomized controlled studies to increase the strength of evidence.
China is one of the countries in the world with the highest rate of esophageal cancer. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal cancer are critical for improving patients’ prognosis and survival. Machine learning technology has become widely used in cancer, which is benefited from the accumulation of medical images and advancement of artificial intelligence technology. Therefore, the learning model, image type, data type and application efficiency of current machine learning technology in esophageal cancer are summarized in this review. The major challenges are identified, and solutions are proposed in medical image machine learning for esophageal cancer. Machine learning's potential future directions in esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed, with a focus on the possibility of establishing a link between medical images and molecular mechanisms. The general rules of machine learning application in the medical field are summarized and forecasted on this foundation. By drawing on the advanced achievements of machine learning in other cancers and focusing on interdisciplinary cooperation, esophageal cancer research will be effectively promoted.
Children’s neurological diseases are complex. Common clinical diseases include autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, etc. The rehabilitation methods in China mainly start with children’s language and cognition. Animal-assisted intervention is a kind of psychosocial intervention, including animal assisted therapy, animal assisted education or animal assisted activities under specific conditions. With its popularity in the world, this field is rapidly approaching a paradigm shift and can be used as a new supplementary and alternative treatment for children’s neurological diseases. By analyzing the literature on animal-assisted intervention and research on children’s neurological diseases, this paper summarizes the application methods and effects of various types of animals in clinical practice, aiming to provide new intervention methods with scientific theoretical basis for the rehabilitation of children with neurological diseases in China and promote the further development of rehabilitation in China.
Objective To explore the intervention effect of music therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library were searched by computer to comprehensively collect randomized controlled trials on the intervention effect of music therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder. The search period was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results Finally, 20 articles were included, including 913 cases in the music therapy group and 811 cases in the control group, with a total sample size of 1724 cases. The meta-analysis results showed that the overall treatment effect [standardized mean difference (SMD)=−0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.12, −0.78)], the treatment effect of language [SMD=−0.71, 95%CI (−0.84, −0.57)], behavior [SMD=−0.65, 95%CI (−0.78, −0.52)], social interaction [SMD=−0.52, 95%CI (−0.63, −0.40)], cognition [SMD=1.37, 95%CI (1.00, 1.74)] and sensory perception [SMD=−0.89, 95%CI (−1.03, −0.74)] of the music therapy group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The existing data show that music therapy applied to children with autism spectrum disorder can effectively improve their language, behavior, social interaction, cognition, and sensory perception, thereby having a positive impact on the overall treatment effect of children. However, due to the limitations of the number and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify.
The treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer has been revolutionized with the advent of immunotherapy. However, not all patients can benefit equally from immunotherapy. In recent years, the relationship between intestinal flora and the efficacy of immunotherapy has gradually attracted scholars' attention. During the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the use of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors and other drugs will affect the patient's intestinal flora, thus affecting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, leading to poor prognosis of patients. This review will discuss that antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy by affecting the diversity of intestinal flora, in order to facilitate the rational use of related drugs in clinical practice and improve the patient's outcomes.
Objective To screen pyroptosis-related miRNAs of acute aortic dissection (AAD) from the GEO database, and analyze and verify their functions. MethodsThe microarray data set based on the miRNA chip in the GEO database was downloaded, the differentially expressed miRNAs were screened, and the target genes were predicted by the miRWalk database. Pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) were searched in the PubMed database with "pyroptosis" as the keyword, and the intersection of PRGs and differential miRNAs predicting target genes were taken as AAD PRGs by Venn diagram. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. CytoHubba was used to screen the critical AAD PRGs and then the AAD pyroptosis-related miRNAs were identified. Aortic tissues were collected from gender- and age-matched AAD patients and healthy people, and the critical PRGs and miRNAs were verified by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. ResultsA total of 46 AAD differentially expressed miRNAs were screened, and 49 AAD PRGs were obtained by Venn diagram. GO enrichment analysis showed that the genes played a vital role in apoptosis regulated by cysteine endopeptidases. KEGG analysis showed that the genes enriched in Salmonella infection, necroptosis, and Nod-like receptor signaling pathways. CytoHubba screened the critical AAD PRGs such as cysteine aspartase-1 (Caspase-1), tumor necrosis factor (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), then obtained 12 AAD pyroptosis-related miRNAs. Aortic tissues were collected from 6 AAD patients and 6 healthy people. There were 5 males and 1 females in the AAD group with an average age of 48.70±6.35 years, and 4 males and 2 females in the healty control group with an average age of 45.30±4.58 years. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease (P>0.05). Western blotting and RT-qPCR results showed that Caspase-1 was up-regulated in the AAD patients' aortic tissues compared with the healthy aorta, and the corresponding miRNAs were miR-198, miR-3202, and miR-514b-5p, which were all down-regulated. Conclusion Through bioinformatics analysis and verification, the critical AAD PRGs are Caspase-1, IL-1β, and TNF, and Caspase-1 is up-regulated and 3 corresponding pyroptosis-related miRNAs are down-regulated, which provides new ideas for the molecular mechanism and targeted therapy of AAD cell pyroptosis.