Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a kind of rare malignancy which often occurs in children and is related to dysplasia. It always involves in pleura and lung. PPB is misdiagnosed easily because of its special pathophysiological characters and complex biological behavior. Early detection and correct treatment are very important for thoracic surgeon to cure PPB. This paper reviews the advance of pathophysiological characters, molecular genetic characters, clinical manifestation, clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment and prognosis of PPB.
【Abstract】Objective To explore the feasibility that the recipient against donor antigen-specific T lymphocytes clones are formed,and the suicide genes are induced into the clone. In the end it may induce the transplanted-organ tolerance. Methods The recipient rats were immunized by the donor rats-splenocytes, then the recipient’s T cell were isolated, purified and diluted with limited-dilute methods into single cell.The T cells were cultured by adding raise cells,ConA or IL2 under the different concentration and at last the T cell clone were formed. Results A stable recipient against donor antigen-specific T cell clone was established. The difference among the different immune groups was very significant(tgt;t0.05). The T cell clone was not formed without raise cells or only with raise cells. The rare clone could be formed by ConA stimulation but without IL-2. The clone-forming rate was associated with concentration of IL-2. ConclusionThe mature T cell is able to proliferate to form clone when the condition is suitable. The recipient is immunized with donor rats spleen cellular antigen. The T cells clones selected in the end are donor antigen-specific.
Abstract: Objective To explore the significance of peripheral serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in preoperative staging of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Methods Fifty patients, including 30 males and 20 females, with complete clinical data and final pathological diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from September 2006 to November 2007. Their age ranged from 36 to 76 years old (62.4±10.0 years old). Among the patients, there were 26 patients of adenocarcinoma, 23 patients of squamous cell carcinoma and one patient of large cell carcinoma. Twenty other normal subjects were chosen to form normal control, including 11 males and 9 females, aged from 18 to 67 years old (43.8±14.2 years old). Peripheral serum HGF and TGF-β were measured with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relationship between the level of HGF, TGF-β and preoperative staging was analyzed. Results The peripheral serum HGF and TGF-β level has no relation with patient’s age, sex, smoking history or histology type. The level of HGF in the T2 and T3 patients was significantly higher than that of normal control (373.90±234.00 pg/ml vs. 211.30±154.60 pg/ml, t=2.759, P=0008; 563.80±316.10 pg/ml vs. 211.30±154.60 pg/ml, t=4076, P=0.000). The level of TGF-β in the T-3 patients was significantly higher than that of normal control (3.34±2.80 ng/ml vs. 1.82±0.90 ng/ml, t=2.190, P=0.037). The level of TGF-β in the N1-2 patients was significantly higher than that of the N0 patients (2.60±2.00 ng/ml vs. 1.53±0.74 ng/ml, t=-2.387, P=0.021). TGF-β level (5.97±2.65 ng/ml) in patients with distant metastasis (stage Ⅳ) was significantly higher than that of patients in other stages. Conclusion The HGF and TGF-β level is related to the staging of lung cancer. Such examinations combined before operation may present a reference value for preoperative staging and providing the best treatment plan for the patients.
Objective To evaluate the short-term effectiveness after static anatomical reconstruction of posterolateral complex (PLC) in the treatment of traumatic multi-ligament injury of the knee. Methods Between June 2007 and July 2011, 23 cases of multi-ligament injury of the knee were treated. There were 15 males and 8 females with an average age of 41 years (range, 19-56 years). The injury was caused by traffic accident in 9 cases, sprain in 7 cases, bruise in 3 cases, and falling from height in 4 cases. The time between injury and operation was 13-78 days (mean, 32 days). The results of posterior drawer test and Lachman test were positive, and all cases complicated by varus and external rotation instability. The Lysholm score of the knee was 43.4 ± 5.7. According to International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring, all were rated as grade D. According to Fanelli typing, all were classified as type C. The X-ray films showed that load-induced posterior motion of the knee was (13.3 ± 4.2) mm; the lateral joint space was (15.1 ± 2.4) mm. Anterior cruciate ligament/posterior cruciate ligament and PLC were reconstructed simultaneously with auto-semitendinosus, gracilis tendon, and allogeneic tendon. Results All incisions healed by first intention, and no complication occurred. All patients were followed up 12-56 months (mean, 28 months). At last follow-up, the results of posterior drawer test and Lachman test were negative; 3 cases had varus instability, and 2 cases had external rotation instability. The Lysholm score of the knee was 85.6 ± 16.7, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative score (t=11.469, P=0.000). According to IKDC scoring, 7 cases were rated as grade A, 12 as grade B, and 4 as grade C; significant difference was found when compared with preoperative value (Z=4.285, P=0.000). The load-induced posterior motion of the knee was (5.1 ± 4.4) mm, the lateral joint space was (3.2 ± 2.8) mm, showing significant differences when compared with preoperative ones (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of traumatic multi-ligament injury of the knee, the anatomical reconstruction of the PLC using auto-semitendinosus, gracilis tendon, or allogeneic tendon can obtain good short-term effectiveness.
ObjectiveTo summary the diagnosis and surgical treatment experiences of posterior collicular fracture of medial malleolus. MethodsBetween March 2008 and November 2010, 14 patients having lateral and (or) posterior malleolus fractures with posterior collicular fracture of medial malleolus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, including 5 males and 9 females with an average age of 44.5 years (range, 27-60 years). The causes of injuries were strain in 9 cases, traffic accident in 3 cases, and falling from height in 2 cases. The course of fracture ranged from 3 to 9 days (mean, 6.5 days). Fourteen cases were lateral malleolus fractures, 10 cases were posterior malleolus fractures. According to Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 8 cases of pronation-external rotation type, 3 cases of pronation-abduction type, and 3 cases of supination-external rotation type. ResultsAll incisions healed by first intention with no complication. The patients were followed up 12-24 months (mean, 16.8 months). The X-ray films showed that all fractures healed from 2 to 4 months after operation (mean, 2.9 months). The range of motion (ROM) of affected ankles was (38.40 ± 3.50)° of flexion and was (16.30 ± 2.41)° of extension, showing no significant difference when compared with ROM of normal side [(40.50 ± 3.48)° and (17.90 ± 2.28)°, P gt; 0.05]. All patients’ ankle function was evaluated by Olerud-Molander’s score criteria for ankle function evaluation, the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 6 cases, and fair in 1 case. ConclusionSpiral CT plays an indispensable role in diagnosis of posterior collicular fracture of medial malleolus. Surgical reduction and rigid fixation should be performed.