Objective To observe the characteristics of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for leakage point in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods A total of 21 acute CSC patients (21 eyes) were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 17 men (17 eyes) and 4 women (5 eyes). The mean age was (47.3±8.8) years (range 35 - 66 years). The mean duration was (1.6±0.8) months (range 0.5 - 3.0 months). All patients were underwent mydriatic fundus photography, SD-OCT examination and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA). SD-OCT and FFA images were carefully compared to observe the SD-OCT examination characteristics of fluorescence leakage point. Results 21/21 eyes had one fluorescein leakage point. In addition to serous retinal detachment, leakage point in the SD-OCT examination showed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) protrusion in 10 eyes (47.6％), RPE detachment in 7 eyes (33.3％), highly reflective areas suggesting fibrinous exudate in the subretinal space in 3 eyes (14.3％), and RPE defect in 1 eye (4.8％). Conclusion The SD-OCT characteristics of acute CSC include RPE protrusion, RPE detachment, highly reflective areas suggesting fibrinous exudate in the subretinal space and RPE defect.
Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is the general recommendation for the treatment of cervical esophageal cancer for organ preservation. However, the long-term survival of dCRT is not satisfactory. Surgical resection alone is not superior to dCRT in the treatment of cervical esophageal cancer. Surgical resection is often combined with laryngectomy, which will affect the quality of life. Recent evidence suggests that neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery improves the long-term survival of cervical esophageal cancer. On the other hand, the development of technologies such as laryngeal preservation surgery and minimally invasive esophagectomy has reduced the risk of operation and improved the quality of life. This article will review the new progress in the comprehensive treatment of cervical esophageal cancer from the perspective of surgery.
Neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer, significantly improving long-term survival compared with surgery alone. Neoadjuvant therapy has evolved to include various strategies, such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted combination therapy. This enriches clinical treatment options and provides a more personalized and scientific treatment approach for patients. This article aims to comprehensively summarize current academic research hot topics, review the rationale and evaluation measures of neoadjuvant therapy, discuss challenges in restaging methods after neoadjuvant therapy, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of various neoadjuvant therapeutic strategies.