Objective To generally analyse the current situations and advances in the biotherapy of gastric cancer. Methods The published papers about the current situations and research advances in the biotherapy of gastric cancer were reviewed. Results The main research fields and treatments in the biotherapy of gastric cancer include immunomodulator therapy, guided therapy of monoclonal antibodies and their jointbodies, cytokine therapy, adoptive immunotherapy and gene therapy, etc. Conclusion As a beneficial complement for surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, biotherapy plays an important auxiliary role in the multiple treatments for gastric cancer.
近年来，对胰腺癌虽然在诊断技术和治疗手段上有了长足的进步，但胰腺癌患者的生存时间并没有延长。常规的治疗手段中，手术仍是达到治愈的唯一手段，但85%的患者在确诊时癌肿已转移或侵袭到胰外器官而无法切除； 放疗和化疗对其尚缺乏确切的疗效。因此，寻求新的、有效的治疗方法是基础研究者和临床医生共同努力的方向。随着肿瘤免疫学和分子生物学研究的进展及人类基因组计划的完成，人们已经对肿瘤的发生、发展和转移机理有了一定的了解。与此同时，基础研究的成果也大大推动了临床研究的进程。20世纪在肿瘤的生物治疗方面取得了不少进展，主要集中在基因治疗、免疫毒素、肿瘤疫苗和细胞因子等方面。
Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can stimulate intervertebral disc cell proliferation, promote extracellular matrix synthesis, and inhibit annulus fibrosus cell apoptosis. To investigate the effects of autologous PRP on the treatment of the early intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) so as to provide the experimental basis for its clinical application. Methods Forty-five healthy New Zealand white rabbits (male or female, weighing 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=15), the control group (n=15), and the sham group (n=15). PRP was prepared from the arterial blood of rabbit’s ears of the experimental group with Landesberg’s method. The platelet concentrations in both whole blood and PRP were detected. The rabbit model of early IDD was established by annulus fibrosus puncture (L4, 5, L5, 6) in both the experimental group and the control group; 100 ?L autologous PRP and 100 ?L PBS were injected into the degenerative intervertebral discs respectively after 2 weeks of models creation. In sham group, intervertebral discs were separated and exposed without treatment. The general conditions of the rabbits were observed after building models; at 2 weeks after degeneration, 1 and 2 weeks after intervention, 5 rabbits were selected randomly from each group respectively for MRI observation, histological observation by using HE staining and collagen type II immunohistochemical staining. The signal of lumbar MRI was assessed and the contents of collagen type II were detected. Results The platelet concentration of PRP was about 4.92 times as much as that of the whole blood. All the animals survived to the end of the experiment. At 2 weeks after degeneration, a lower T2 signal was observed in both the experimental group and the control group; the nucleus pulposus cells decreased and extracellular matrix degenerated; and the expression of collagen type II decreased in both the experimental group and control group. The degenerative grade of lumbar MRI in the experimental group and control group were significantly higher than that in the sham group (P lt; 0.05), and the content of collagen type II were significantly lower than that in the sham group (P lt; 0.05). At 1, 2 weeks after intervention, disc degeneration in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P lt; 0.05), and significant difference was found between experimental group and sham group (P lt; 0.05). The nucleus pulposus cells and chondroid matrix in the experimental group were more than those in the control group, showing slight stromal fibrosis; but the expression of collage type II was significantly higher than that in the control group (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion The disc injection of autologous PRP may terminate or even reverse the progress of rabbit early IDD, which may be associated with the role of multiple growth factors of PRP in regulating cell function, improving the tissue microenvironment, and promoting tissue regeneration.
目的:分析原发性肝癌手术切除的方法及效果。方法:对手术切除的原发性肝癌112例从肿瘤部位、大小、人肝血流阻断、切除方式、失血量、手术时间等方面进行分析。结果:手术切除率26.23%,手术死亡率0.89%,5年生存率18.75%,10年生存率仅2例。结论:原发性肝癌患者就诊时多数已为中晚期或大肝癌,手术切除后疗效较差。提高生存率关键是:小肝癌的切除、切除方式、术后TACE、复发再切除及术后生物治疗等。
ObjectiveTo review the research status on the molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration and the repairing effect of platelet-rich plasma. MethodsThe related literature about the molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration and the repairing effect of platelet-rich plasma was reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. ResultsThe molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration includes genetic influences, cell senescence, decreased matrix production, increased degradative enzyme production, proinflammatory cytokine expression, apoptosis, and neural ingrowth. Platelet-rich plasma can release a series of growth factors to promote intervertebral disc cells proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. It can also inhibit proinflammatory effect and apoptosis. ConclusionAlthough the prospect of using platelet-rich plasma to repair intervertebral disc degeneration is encouraging, further studies are still needed.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of the role and mechanism of adipokines in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in recent years.MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature related to adipokines in the process of IVDD was extensively reviewed. The types and functions of adipokines, the role and mechanism in the process of IVDD, and the application prospects of intervertebral disc biotherapy were reviewed.ResultsAs a kind of bioactive substance secreted by adipose tissue, adipokine plays an important role in bone and joint diseases, metabolic diseases, and breast cancer. During IVDD, most adipokines can activate multiple signaling pathways by binding to autoreceptors, cause the proliferation and apoptosis of cells and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors parasecretions in the intervertebral disc, and lead to imbalance of intradiscal metabolism and establishment of the initial inflammatory environment, and finally cause the IVDD.ConclusionAdipokines, as a biologically active substance with metabolic and immunomodulatory functions, play important roles in the occurrence, development, and biological treatment of IVDD.
Objective To describe the up-to-date development in spine and spine cord injuries. Methods To summarize the cl inical and basic research on spine and spine cord injuries were summarized by reviewing papers and combining them with our own experience. Results The occi pitocervical and atlantoaxial fusions by the pedicle or the lateral mass screw were widely used to treat the upper cervical fractures. The anterior cervical plate, posterior pedicle or lateral mass screw fixation techniques were used in treatment of lower cervical fractures. The cl inical appl ication of artificial cervical disc replacement showed the good biomechanical results in treatment of serious cervical disc diseases. However, there were no unified criteria for selection of the surgical approach, fixation level, and fusion model in the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Lumbar posterior dynamic fixation and artificial disc replacement for treatment of degenerative lumbar disc diseases provided the biomechanical stabil ization and reduced the morbidity of adjacent segment diseases, but there was lack of long-term follow-up results. The basic research in spine cord injuries, especially in apoptotic signal pathway, made great progress. The biological treatment including cell transplantation and gene therapy provided the sol id theoretical foundation for cl inical appl ication. Conclusion The reparative and reconstructive development in spine and spine cord injuries has made great progress in recent years.
Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MFNPs) have great application potential in biomedical fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drugs, magnetothermal therapy and gene delivery. MFNPs can migrate under the action of a magnetic field and target specific cells or tissues. However, to apply MFNPs to organisms, further modifications on the surface of MFNPs are required. In this paper, the common modification methods of MFNPs are reviewed, their applications in medical fields such as bioimaging, medical detection, and biotherapy are summarized, and the future application directions of MFNPs are further prospected.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress in biotherapy of rotator cuff injury in recent years, in order to provide help for clinical decision-making of rotator cuff injury treatment. MethodsThe literature related to biotherapy of rotator cuff injury at home and abroad in recent years was widely reviewed, and the mechanism and efficacy of biotherapy for rotator cuff injury were summarized from the aspects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), growth factors, stem cells, and exosomes. ResultsIn order to relieve patients’ pain, improve upper limb function, and improve quality of life, the treatment of rotator cuff injury experienced an important change from conservative treatment to open surgery to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair plus a variety of biotherapy methods have become the mainstream of clinical treatment. All kinds of biotherapy methods have ideal mid- and long-term effectiveness in the repair of rotator cuff injury. The biotherapy method to promote the healing of rotator cuff injury is controversial and needs to be further studied. ConclusionAll kinds of biotherapy methods show a good effect on the repair of rotator cuff injury. It will be an important research direction to further develop new biotherapy technology and verify its effectiveness.