Due to the complexity of etiology and a lot of complication of diabetes mllitus, the reliable conclusion of studies of etiology and treatment of diabtets mellitus should rely on randomized controlled trial and systematic review. Alongside the development of meta-analysis, systematic reviewes have provided many beneficial information, including gene mutation and diabetes mellitus, evaluation of risk factors, diagnostic test and treatment of diabets mellitus.
Objective To review all published evidence about thyroid disease based on Meta-analysis. Methods We thoroughly searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library combined with Meta-analysis and thyroid disease as key words. Results Total 22 articles were obtained but only 14 papers reached our aim. Conclusion These studies ranged from etiology of thyroid cancer, levothyroxine treatment, to Graves’ disease and have provided excellent evidences about some clinical questions. But there still are a lot of questions need us study further.
Objective To review systematically the effectiveness and safety of astragaulus membranaceus in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods A Cochrane systematic review of all relevant randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of astragaulus membranaceus for diabetic nephropathy was performed. Clinical trials were searched for in the Cochrane Central Refister of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Chinese Biological Medicine Database, and the Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database as well as in the references lists of all included trials. Two reviewers works independently to select studies, assess methodological quality and extract data. The following indexes were included to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of astragaulus membranaceus: 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), 24-hour urinary protein, clearance of creatinine (Ccr), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and serious adverse events. Results Thirty-four clinical trials involving 2 356 patients met the inclusion criteria, but most of these trials were small and of low quality . A “funnel plot” showed asymmetry, which indicated possible publication bias, such that trials with negativeresults might not have been published. Meta-analyses showed that astragaulus membranaceus had some effects on the decrease of the 24-hour UAER, 24-hour urinary protein, Scr and BUN, and also on the improvement of Ccr. Therefore, astragaulus membranaceus, to a certain extent, was found to be effective in improving renal functions of DN patients. However, astragaulus membranaceus might have similar effects in decreasing the 24-hour UAER and Scr compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockers. Compared with other Chinese medicines, astragaulus membranaceus was more effective in decreasing the 24-hour urinary protein. No serious adverse events were observed during the treatment period. Conclusion Astragaulus membranaceus has some effect and is relatively safe in treating patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the present evidence was not enough to support the recommendation of astragaulus membranaceus as a routine drug in the clinical management of DN.Since most included trials are small and of low quality, high-quality, large-sample, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trials of astragaulus membranaceus for DN are needed.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of breviscapine on diabetic nephropathy. Methods All randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of breviscapine on diabetic nephropathy were performed. All of the clinical trials were searched from the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registered, Medline, Embase, National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, the Chinese Biological Medicine Database, the Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text and the references of all included trials. The selection of studies, assessment of methodological quality and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Thirty-three clinical trials including 2 322 patients of diabetic nephropathy met the inclusion criteria. But most included trials were of low quality and small sample. Until now, there were no clinical trials with multicentre, large sample and high quality. A “Funnel plot” showed asymmetry, which indicated possible publication bias and low quality in methodology. And publication bias showed that the trials with negative results might not be published. The results of meta-analysis indicated that: 1. Breviscapine showed more effects on the decrease of the 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), 24-hour urinary protein, serum creatinine (Scr), total cholesterol, triglyceride, plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. 2. Breviscapine showed less effect on the decrease of the 24-hour urinary protein when compared to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, it seemed as same effective as ACEI on decrease of 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN); 3. Breviscapine showed more effect on the decrease of 24-hour urinary protein and fibrinogen when compared to other Chinese herbal medicine (Salvia miltiorrhiza); 4. Breviscapine showed less effect on decrease of the 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) when compeard to Prostaglandin E1. No significant adverse effects were reported. Conclusion Breviscapine shows some effects and relatively safe on diabetic nephropathy. However, the evidence is not b enough because of some of the low-quality trials and publications bias. Rigorous designs, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of Breviscapine for diabetic nephropathy are needed to further assess the effect.
Objective To review systematically whether there is enough existing evidence that methylcobalamin is effective and safe in the treatment of the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods A Cochrane systematic review of all relevant randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of methycobalamin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy was performed. Clinical trials were searched from Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 4, 2003), MEDLINE (January 1966 to January 2004), EMBASE (January 1980 to January 2004), the Chinese Biological Medicine Database (1978 to January 2004), the Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database (1989 to January 2004) and references of all included trials. The selection of studies, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed independently by two reviewers. The following outcomes were assessed: effectiveness of clinical signs and symptoms, sensory nerve and motor nerve conduction velocities and serious adverse events of methylcobalamin. Results Thirty randomized clinical trials including 1 949 patients met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the most included trials was of low level. The "funnel plot" of the comparison of thirteen studies of methylcobalamin with other B Vitamins studies showed symmetry, which indicated less possible publication bias and the result was partly reliable, but it could not indicate the whole publication biases. The results of meta-analysis indicated that methylcobalamin showed significantly positive effects on the improvement of the signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, and the effects were better than the other vitamin B agents. The increase of some nerves conduction velocities by methylcobalamin was better than by the other vitamin B. No serious adverse events were observed during the treatment period.Conclusions Methylcobalamin appears to be a safe and effective treatment on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, the evidence is not b because of the low quality of most trials. Rigorously designed, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials of methylcobalamin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy are needed to further assess the effect.
Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Puerarin on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods A systematic review and evaluation of all available relevant randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of Puerarin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy from Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (150 issue of 2003), Medline (1966-2003. 2), EMbase (1984-2001. 12. 4), and the Chinese Biological Medicine Database (1978-2003. 2) were performed. The selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality were performed independently by two reviewers. The following outcomes were assessed: effectiveness of clinical symptoms, sensory nerve and motor nerve conduction velocities, and severe adverse events of Puerarin. Results Ten randomized controlled clinical trials including 726 patients met the inclusion criteria. At the end of the treatment, compared to general treatment or vitamin B, Puerarin showed significant positive effects on the total effect rate of therapy and increased peripheral nerve conduction velocity. No severe adverse events were observed during the treatment period. However, most included trials show some degree of study design or analysis defect. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that Puerarin appears to be an effective and safe treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, due to the low quality trials included in this review, more rigorously designed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of Puerarin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy are needed to further assess its usefulness in diabetes peripheral neuropathy patients.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of diabetic patient education on glycemic control for diabeties. Methods Fifty cases of type 2 diabetic patients with educational interventions from the Diabetic Educational Center of West China Hospital and 50 type 2 diabetic patients without educational intervention were selected randomly. All the patients completed the same questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0. Results The age of patients in educational group was older and the duration of sickness was longer than those in the control group, but their blood glucoses were better controlled. Conclusions Diabetic patient education is important to improve their glycemic control and decrease the risks and deterioration of diabetic chronic complications.
【摘要】 目的 了解不同糖代谢状态的人群空腹及口服葡萄糖耐量实验（oral glucose tolerance test，OGTT）餐后胰高血糖素样态-1（GLP-1）和葡萄糖依赖的促胰岛素多态（GIP）水平。 方法 将受试者根据OGTT结果分为3组:正常糖耐量组（NGT，n=61例），糖耐量受损组（IGT，n=53）和2型糖尿病组（T2DM， n=66）。采空腹及糖餐后2 h静脉血检测GLP-1和GIP水平。 结果 T2DM组空腹GLP-1水平低于NGT和IGT组（Plt;0.05）。NGT和IGT的空腹GLP-1水平差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。餐后GLP-1水平三组差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。空腹及餐后GIP水平在NGT、IGT和T2DM均呈逐渐增加的趋势，而且同OGTT-0 h和OGTT-2 h血糖水平呈正相关（r=0.384，0.426；Plt;0.05）。 结论 不同的GLP-1和GIP水平也许是IGT和T2DM胰岛素分泌能力不同的原因之一。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the fasting, and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in Chinese people with different degrees of glucose tolerance. Methods Based on the results of OGTT, 180 subjects were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance group (NGT group, n=61), impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT group, n=53) and type-2 diabetes mellitus group (T2DM group, n=66). Fasting venous blood and the venous blood 2 hours after OGTT was sampled to detect GLP-1 and GIP levels. Results The fasting GLP-1 level in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that in the NGT and IGT groups (Plt;0.05). There was no significant difference in fasting GLP-1 level between NGT and IGT groups (Pgt;0.05). There was no significant difference in GLP-1 level 2 hours after OGTT among all the three groups (Pgt;0.05). GIP level gradually increased in the order of NGT, IGT and T2DM both before and after glucose load, and it was positively correlated with glucose levels just after OGTT and 2 hours after OGTT (r=0.384,0.426;Plt;0.05). Conclusion Different GLP-1 and GIP levels may be one of the reasons for different insulin secretion ability between IGT and T2DM
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and handsearched Chinese Journal of Metabolism, Chinese Journal of Diabetes and New Chinese Medicine. Randomized controlled trials of clinical therapeutic studies on PGE1 for DPN were included. The quality of included studies was evaluated and Meta-analysis was performed. Results Thirty-one trials involving 2 497 participants were included. Meta-analysis indicated that PGE1 was more effective than Vitamin B, Placebo and other microcirculation improving drugs in improving symptoms and signs of DPN. The RR (95%CI) were ［RR=1.75, 95％CI (1.54, 2.00)］, ［RRpooled=1.57, 95％CI (1.42, 1.74)］and［RR=1.31, 95％CI (1.19, 1.45)］respectively. PGE1 was more effective than Vitamin B, Placebo and other microcirculation improving drugs in improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of DPN patients. For spontaneous pain and hypesthesia of DPN patients, Lipo-PGE1 was more effective compared with PGE1-CD and the RR (95%CI) was［RR=1.43, 95％CI (1.16, 1.76)］. Slight adverse effects were reported in 16 studies. Conclusion Based on this review, PGE1 is effective for DPN. However, the evidence is not b enough due to the low quality of included trials. Further large-sample and multi-center studies are needed.