ObjectiveTo analyze the regulative rule of mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy, and to elucidate the possible mechanism of occurrence of neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsSixty 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into oxygen-induced retinopathy group and control group. In oxygen-induced retinopathy group, 36 mice were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days and then to room air for 5 days; in control group, 24 mice were raised in room air. Vascular perfusion of fluorescein and retinal stretched preparation were used to observe the morphologic changes of retinal vessels. Reversal transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to observe changes of VEGF mRNA in each group. ResultsIn oxygen-induced retinopathy group, the morphologic characteristics of retinal vessels were the unperfused area at the center of superficial and deepseated vessels, and the neovascularization appeared at mid-peripheral retina after 2 days in relative hypoxia condition. The results of RT-PCR showed space-time corresponding relation between expression of VEGF and neovascularization, which meant that the transcription of VEGF mRNA decreased in hyperxia conditionand increased in relative hypoxia condition. ConclusionHypoxia is the main reason of occurrence of retinal neovascularization; increased expression of VEGF caused by relative hypoxia after hyperxia might be effective in reducing the occurrence of neovascularization in ROP.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:292-295)
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of prepapillary and preretinal vascular loops. Methods The clinical manifestation, results of the fundus fluorescein angiography, and the prognosis of 20 cases(24 eyes) with prepapillary and preretinal vascual loops were analyzed retrospectively. Results 66.7% of prepapillary and preretinal vascular loops were involved in one eye, and 95.8% of vascular loops were located within one optic disc diameter. There were different configuration types of the vascular loops. Among 20 cases(24 eyes) of the vascular loops, 70.8%(17 eyes) were arterial, 12.5%(3 eyes) were venous, and 16.7%(4 eyes) were both arterial and venous. 62.5% of eyes with prepapillary and preretinal vascular loops were associated with other congenital and developmental anomalies of retinal vascular vessels. Conclusion Most PRVL are arterial and superior to the optic disc. The serious distortion of the vascular loops may result in disturbance of blood flow in artery and retinal hemorrhage, which cause visual loss. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 9-11)
Objective To investigate the relationship of pulmonary surfactant protein D( SP-D) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) by measuring SP-D level in serum and lung tissue of rats with COPD.Methods The rat COPD model was established by passive smoking as well as intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) . Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a LPS group, and a COPD group( n =10 in each group) . The pathologic changes of lung tissue and airway were observed under light microscope by HE staining. Emphysema changes were evaluated by mean linear intercept ( MLI) of lung and mean alveolar number ( MAN) . The level of SP-D in serum was measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) . The expression of SP-D in lung tissue was detected by Western-blot and immunohistochemistry.Results The MLI obviously increased, and MAN obviously decreased in the COPD group compared with the control group ( Plt;0.05) . There was no significant difference in the MLI and MAN between the LPS group and the control group ( Pgt;0.05) . The serum SP-D level was ( 49.59 ±2.81) ng/mL and ( 53.21±4.17) ng/mL in the LPS group and the COPD group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group [ ( 42.14±2.52) ng/mL] ( Plt;0.05) . The expression of SP-D in lung tissue was 0.56±0.01 and 0.63±0.01 in the LPS group and the COPD group, which was also obviously ber than that in the control group ( 0.39 ±0.01) ( Plt;0.05) .Meanwhile the SP-D levels in serumand lung tissue were higher in the COPD group than those in the LPS group ( Plt;0.05) . The levels of SP-D between serum and lung tissue were positively correlated in all three groups ( r=0.93, 0.94 and 0.93, respectively, Plt;0.01) .Conclusion Both the SP-D level in serum and in lung tissue increase significantly in COPD rats and correlate well each other, which suggests that SP-D may serve as a biomarker of COPD.
Objectives To investigate the expression of pax-6 in ret ina of in fant monkeys with myopia induced by optical defocus, and to determine the role of pax-6 would play or not in onset and development of myopia and emmetropization.Methods Nine healthy infant rhesus monkeys, aged from 1 to 3 months, were selected and wore spectacle lenses or underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).Transcription polymerase chain reaction method and quantitative analysis were used to determine the expression of pax-6 in the retina with myopia induced by optical defocus in different time, and the result was compared with that in retina without myopia.Results The myopia caused by hyperopic defocus was found. The expression of pax-6 in the retina with myopia induced by optical defocus was significantly higher than that in the retina without myopia（t=3.480，P=0.004）.Conclusions The expression of pax-6 is enhanced by hyperopic defocus in the infant monkey retina, which suggests that pax-6 may be involved in vision-dependent eye growth and emmetropization. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：201-268)
Objective To investigate the expression of T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ8.3 gene on CD4+ T lymphocytes in the rats with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Methods Eighteen Lewis rats were divided into EAU, complete Freund′s adjuvant, and the control group. Inter photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) R16 peptide was synthesized using Fmoc procedure for induction of EAU. Magnetic absorption cell sorting (MACS) me thod was used to isolate the CD4+T lymphocytes from the spleen of the rats. Flow cytometry was used to monitor the efficiency of isolation. The expression of TCR Vβ8.3 gene segment on CD4+T lymphocytes was determined by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results EAU was successfully induced in the Lewis rats immunized with IRBP R16 peptide. The proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes isolated by means of MACS was statistically higher than that before isolation (P＜0.001). The expression of TCR Vβ8.3 gene segment on CD4+ T lymphocytes in EAU rats was significantly higher than that in the control (P＜0.05). Conclusions There is a predominant usage of antigen-specific TCR Vβ 8.3 gene in EAU rats induced by IR BP R16 peptide, which may serve as a target for immunotherapy of EAU. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：165-167)
【摘要】 目的 探讨脑后部可逆性脑病综合征（posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome，PRES）的临床及MRI表现，提高对PRES的认识。 方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2010年12月期间5例PRES患者的MRI资料并进行追踪随访。5例PRES患者中男1例，女4例，肾性高血压及产后子痫各1例、妊娠高血压3例。5例均行MRI多序列平扫检查及弥散加权成像（diffusion weighted imaging，DWI），其中4例同时行磁共振血管造影（magnetic resonance angiography，MRA），2例行MRI增强检查。 结果 5例发病时均有高血压，以突发头痛、子痫或癫痫发作、意识障碍及视觉障碍为临床特点，及时正确治疗后症状于3~5 d左右消失，1例遗留肢体功能障碍。MRI显示5例多发病灶主要位于双侧顶枕叶皮质下白质内，额叶及颞叶后部各2例，两侧小脑及脑干1例，皮质受累2例，病变呈长T1、长T2信号、液体衰减反转恢复序列呈高信号，5例患者病灶DWI图呈高或等信号，表观弥散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient，ADC）图呈略高信号；1例顶叶及1例基底节区部分病灶DWI图呈高信号，ADC图呈低信号，提示弥散受限。2例增强无强化，脑膜呈线状强化。随访MRI显示3例病灶完全消失。1例左侧基底节区部分病灶发展为脑梗死。 结论 PRES是一种临床-影像综合征，正确认识这一综合征对其早期诊断和治疗具有非常重要的意义。MRI能够提供较为可靠明确的诊断，其扩散成像对判断PRES预后亦很有价值。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical features and MRI manifestations of patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), in order to improve its recognition. Methods From January 2007 to December 2010, MRI data of 5 patients with PRES were retrospectively analyzed and the patients were followed up. Among them, one was male and four were female. There were one case of postpartum eclampsia, one of renal hypertention, and 3 of pregnancy-induced hypertension. All the five patients were examined by MRI diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), among whom four underwent additional magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and one underwent enhanced MRI. Results All the five patients with PRES had hypertension and their clinical symptoms were characterized by sudden occurrence of headache, eclampsia or seizure of epilepsy, altered mental status, and visual disturbances. Clinical symptoms vanished about 3-5 days after prompt and appropriate treatment except one case of residual body function failure. MRI scanning demonstrated multifocal subcortical white lesions in bilateral parieto-occipital lobes in five patients, in bilateral frontal lobes in two patients, in bilateral post temporal lobes in two patients, in bilateral cerebellum in one patient, and in bilateral brainstem in one patient, and cortical involvement occurred in one patient. Lesions appeared as hyperintense signals on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted images, hypointense signals on T1-weighted images, normal or increased intensity on DWI, and mild hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Some lesions in parietal lobes or basal ganglia showed hyperintensity on DWI and isointensity on ADC maps. The lesions in two patients appeared unenhanced with gadolinium enhancement and the meninges assumed the linear strengthening. Follow-up MRI showed that foci in three patients vanished completely, and the focus in the left basal ganglia in one patient developed into cerebral infarction. Conclusions PRES is a clinical-neuroradiological transient condition. Correctly understanding this syndrome is meaningful for its early diagnosis. MRI can provide a more reliable diagnosis, and its proliferation image formation is also valuable in predicting the PERS prognosis.
Purpose To determine the effect of exogenous interleukin-1alpha; (IL-1alpha;) on the retina and its vasculature and VEGF expression in SD rats． Methods IL-1alpha;2．0 ng (20 mu;l) were injected into the vitreous of 8 left eyes of 8 SD rats while steriled PBS were injected into 8 right contralateral eyes of the same rats as control． All eyes were assessed by direct ophthalmoscopy every day and enucleated on the 7 thpostoperative day． Histological examination (hemato xylineosin staining) and immunohistochemical staining with antibody against VEGF antigen were performed， and sections were observed and photographed under light microscopy． Results ①All 8 IL-1alpha; inject ed eyes developed epiretinal membranes and extraretinal neovascularization on the 3 rd postoperative days while none of the 8 control eyes exhibited any a bnormal retinal vascular changes and they were confirmed by HE staining;②Immuno staining identified VEGF express mainly in the inner layer of vessel walls， the epiretinal membranes， the neuroganglional layer and the photoreceptor layer of retina， while the control eyes showed only weak positive staining in the photo receptor layer． Conclusions IL-1alpha; is capable of inducing vitreo retinal neovascularization，and increasing the expression of VEGF in the retina and epiretinal membranes． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:135-137)