Objective To detect the expression of copine 1 (CPNE1) in the gastric cancer (GC) and investigate its association with prognosis. MethodsThe clinicopathologic data of 121 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in the Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army from March 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected. The protein expression of CPNE1 in the GC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and its association with prognosis was analyzed. GC tissues and adjacent tissues samples from 16 patients in the same time were prospectively collected, and the mRNA and protein expressions of CPNE1 were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of GC patients. ResultsIHC staining results showed that the CPNE1 was mainly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of gastric epithelial cells, and the color showed different degrees of brown. Among the 121 patients, 70 (57.9%) had high CPNE1 protein expression and 51 (42.1%) had low CPNE1 protein expression. The RT-qPCR and WB results of 16 pairs of fresh tissue specimens showed that the expression levels of CPNE1 mRNA and protein in the GC tissues were higher than those in the corresponding adjacent tissues (CPNE1 mRNA mean value: 1.451 vs. 1.100, P=0.048; CPNE1 protein mean value: 0.995 vs. 0.521, P=0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the high protein expression of CPNE1 [HR (95%CI)=1.931 (1.123, 3.321), P=0.017] was the risk factor affecting the prognosis of the patients with GC. ConclusionCPNE1 highly expresses in GC tissues and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with GC, and it may be a potential tumor biomarker.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between different RAS/BRAF mutation sites and the clinicopathological characteristics, metastatic sites, and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinicopathological data of 415 patients with stage Ⅰ –Ⅲ microsatellite stability (MSS) colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, and the Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, from March 1, 2017, to October 1, 2022, and had next-generation sequencing data. According to the presence and sites of RAS/BRAF mutations, patients were divided into five groups: RAS/BRAF wild-type group, KRAS G12 codon mutation group, KRAS G13 codon mutation group, BRAFV600E mutation group, and other RAS codon mutation group. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic differences between the four groups of RAS/BRAF mutant colorectal cancer patients and the RAS/BRAF wild-type colorectal cancer patients were compared. ResultsAmong stage Ⅰ –Ⅲ MSS colorectal cancer patients, there were 166 cases (40.0%) of wild-type RAS/BRAF without mutation, 124 cases (29.9%) of KRAS G12 mutation, 55 cases (13.3%) of KRAS G13 mutation, 23 cases (5.5%) of BRAFV600E mutation, and 47 cases (11.3%) of other RAS codon mutations. Clinicopathological characteristics analysis revealed that BRAFV600E mutation was associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma (P=0.033). Compared with the wild-type group, KRAS G12 mutation could increase the probability of metachronous lung metastasis (P=0.003) and reduce the probability of metachronous liver metastasis (P=0.013); the KRAS G13 mutation and other RAS mutations could increase the probability of metachronous lung metastasis (P=0.004, P=0.006). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that among the RAS/BRAF codon mutations, only KRAS G13 mutation was an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in stage Ⅰ –Ⅲ colorectal cancer. ConclusionsDifferent RAS/BRAF gene codon mutations are associated with distinct clinicopathological characteristics and organ metastatic sites in colorectal cancer. KRAS G13 codon mutation is an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in stage Ⅰ –Ⅲ colorectal cancer. It is recommended that routine detection of RAS/BRAF gene site mutations should be performed in stage Ⅰ –Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients to guide the follow-up management and help clinicians make rational clinical decisions after tumor recurrence.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinicopathological characteristics of breast invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) with different composition ratios, and analyze the relationship between proportion of micropapillary carcinoma components and the prognosis of IMPC. Methods The related data of 121 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) complicated with IMPC who were treated in the Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2016 to August 2020 were collected. With micropapillary carcinoma accounting for 50%, the patients were divided into IMPC <50% group and IMPC ≥50% group. The correlation between related clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients was analyzed. Results There were 85 patients in the IMPC <50% group and 36 patients in the IMPC ≥50% group. The analysis results showed that there was no significant differences between the two groups in menstrual status, histological grade, molecular typing, TNM stage, age, immunohistochemical expression, neoadjuvant therapy, nerve invasion, nipple invasion, and skin invasion (P>0.05). The rate of lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) in the IMPC ≥50% group was 83.33% (30/36), which was significantly higher than 61.18% (52/85) in the IMPC <50% group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=5.684, P=0.017). Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn, and the analysis results showed that the 3-year cumulative disease-free survival (DFS) of IMPC patients was correlated with the number of lymph node metastasis and LVI (P<0.05). And with the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Ki-67, molecular typing, proportion of micropapillary carcinoma components and histological grade were unrelated (P>0.05). The results of multivariate Cox risk regression analysis showed that the number of lymph node metastases and LVI were independent prognostic factors affecting DFS in patients. Conclusions When the proportion of IMPC component is ≥50%, the LVI rate of tumor is higher than that of IMPC component <50%. The number of lymph node metastasis and LVI are independent prognostic factors affecting DFS in IMPC patients.
ObjectiveBy analyzing the correlation between the clinicopathological features of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and their postoperative survival, this study is aimed to identify new and accurate prognostic indicators on the prognoses to provide a reference of the treatment strategy selection for patients with CRLM. MethodsThe clinical data of 233 patients with CRLM who received operation treatments in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital of the Second Military Medical University from January 2006 to December 2009 were retrospectively investigated, and their clinicopathological features, as well as their prognosis were analyzed. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival rates were analyzed by log-rank test. Parametric survival analysis was used to identify predictors of cancer-specific survival. ResultsThe median survival time after cancer resection was 37.0 months, with cumulative 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of 93.0%, 61.0%, and 17.0%, respectively. The median survival time, with cumulative 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of patients who had received radical operations was better than the others who received palliative operations:40.53 months vs 27.20 months, 59.0% vs 29.0%, and 20.0% vs 0(P < 0.05), respectively. In overall surviva, the results of univariate analysis showed that 13 factors, including surgical method, the first relapse after liver metastasis resection, the number of liver metastases, surgical margin, other unresectable extrahepatic metastases or resectable invasion in blood vessels or the surrounding tissue, whether any chronic liver disease was associ-ated, preoperative serum CEA level, preoperative serum CA19-9 leve, the position of the liver metastases, whether the liver metastasis capsule was complete, TNM stagethe of primary cancer, whether the liver metastasis was simultaneous liver metastases, and the maximum diameter of the liver metastases, were closely related to the clinicopathological features associated with prognosis and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that received palliative operations, simultaneous liver metastases, there were other unresectable extrahepatic metastases or resectable invasion in blood vessels or the surrounding tissue, liver metastases without a complete capsule, the number of liver metastases appeared as multiple and widedistribution, unassociated chronic liver disease of the patients, the maximum diameter of the liver metastases>3 cm, were the independent risk factors affecting the postoperative survival of the patients with CRLM (P < 0.05). ConclusionsIt is important for long-term survival of patients with CRLM who were received operations. Received palliative operations, simultaneous liver metastases, there were other unresectable extrahepatic metastases or resectable invasion in blood vessels or the surrounding tissue, liver metastases without a complete capsule, the number of liver metastases appeared as multiple and widedistribution, unassociated chronic liver disease of the patients, the maximum diameter of the liver metastases>3 cm, were the independent risk factors affecting the postoperative survival of the patients with CRLM.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of CD133 and CD44 protein in primary lesions of gastric cancer and its clinical significance. MethodsThe expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein in gastric cancer tissues of 100 patients with gastric cancer were detected by immunohistocheimcal stainings.The relation between the expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein and the clinicopathologic characters were analyzed. ResultsBoth CD44 and CD133 protein were expressed on the cell membranes.No correlation were found between CD44/CD133 and the clinicopathologic parameters include gender and age (P > 0.05), but the positive expression rate of CD44/CD133 with diameter>5 cm was significantly higher than that tumor with diameter≤5 cm (CD44 P=0.150;CD133 P=0.056), and correlated with the tissue differentiation (CD44 P=0.008;CD133 P=0.007), vascular invasion (CD44 P=0.043;CD133 P=0.023), lymphatic vessel invasion (CD44 P=0.020;CD133 P=0.044), lymph nodes metastasis (CD44 P=0.002;CD133 P=0.004), inva-sion depth of tumor (CD44 P=0.006;CD133 P=0.021), and pTNM stage (CD44 P=0.034;CD133 P=0.001).No correlation were found between the co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters include gender, age, tissue differentiation, and vascular invasion (P > 0.05), but the positive co-expression rate of CD44 and CD133 with diameter>5 cm was significantly higher than that tumor with diameter≤5 cm (P=0.010), and correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion (P=0.003), lymph nodes metastasis (P=0.045), invasion depth of tumor (P=0.041), and pTNM stage (P=0.049).The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein (r=0.207, P=0.039).Univariate analysis showed that lymph nodes metastasis (P < 0.001), pTNM stages (P=0.013), CD44 protein expression (P=0.005), CD133 protein expression (P=0.002), and co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with 3-year survival rate of pati-ents with gastric cancer respectively.Logistic regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) was independent risk factor for co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein.Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression models showed that co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein (P=0.003) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.006) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. ConclusionsCD44 and CD133 protein may be considered as robust cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancer.The co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein is the independent prognosis factor for gastric cancer and strongly associated with poor prognosis when they are expressed more high.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between UBE2Q1 expression and clinicopathologic features and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. MethodsThis study retrospectively chose the cancer tissue and para-carcinoma tissue samples of 74 patients with stage I to III lung adenocarcinoma who received radical resection in Nanjing Chest Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expression level of UBE2Q1, and patients were divided into high-expression group and low-expression group according to the Immunohistochemistry staining score. The correlation of UBE2Q1 expression level and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyzed the correlation between UBE2Q1 and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The risk factors affecting the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models. ResultsUBE2Q1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and the expression level was correlated with tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P<0.05), and did not correlate with patients’ gender, age, smoking history, and tumor differentiation (P>0.05). The results of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with low expression of UBE2Q1 compared with those with high expression of UBE2Q1 had longer DFS and OS (both P<0.05). Cox proportional risk model showed that tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and high UBE2Q1 expression were the risk factors for DFS and OS, among which TNM stage was an independent risk factor. ConclusionUBE2Q1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and correlated with large tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, late TNM stage and poorer prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, and UBE2Q1 was a risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma.
Objective To investigate the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic survival of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) high expression, HER2 low expression and HER2 negative breast cancer. MethodWe retrospectively collected 1 560 female breast cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between January 8, 2010 and December 31, 2015, and divided them into high expression group, low expression group and negative group according to HER2 expression, to compare the differences in clinicopathological characteristics among the three groups of breast cancer patients and to explore the factors influencing prognosis. Results The proportions of histological grade Ⅲ, tumor diameter >2 cm, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage Ⅲ, Ki67 high expression, and hormone receptor negative expression were higher in the high expression group than those in the low expression group and negative group (P<0.050); the proportions of histological grade Ⅲ, tumor diameter >2 cm, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage Ⅲ were higher in the low expression group than those in the negative group (P<0.050). However, the proportions of Ki67 high expression and hormone receptor negative expression were lower than those of the negative group (P<0.050). The 5-year disease-free survival rate were 85.6%, 80.3% and 74.5% for the high expression, low expression and negative group, respectively, and the 5-year overall survival rate were 90.4%, 86.0% and 80.7%, respectively. The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that patients with high histological grade, late TNM stage, Ki67 high expression and weaker HER2 expression intensity had worse 5-year disease-free survival (P<0.050); patients with older age, high histological grade, lymph node metastasis, late TNM stage, Ki67 high expression and weaker HER2 expression intensity had worse 5-year overall survival (P<0.050). Conclusions The intensity of HER2 expression affects the 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival of breast cancer patients, and the higher the intensity of HER2 expression, the better the 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival, while the weaker the HER2 expression, the worse the 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival.