Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect, safty and tolerance of Gankeshuangqing Capsule in the treatment of patients suffering from wind-heat syndrome (acute upper respiratory infection or acute bronchitis). Methods The clinical trials were designed multicentered, double blind, double dummy, randomized and parallel positive drug controlled. A total of 289 patients participated in the trials. Those who suffered from acute upper respiratory infection were given throat virus-detection to make a definite diagnosis of the origins of disease. Results Among the 40 patients who were diagnosed with virus infection, 81.82% in Gankeshuangqing group were healed, but only 50.00% in control group, and significant differences were observed between the two groups (Plt;0.05). At the end of the third day of treatment, the rates of cure and excellence in patients suffering from acute upper respiratory infection were 80.00% in Gankeshuangqing group, and 68.57% in control group, and both groups showed good therapeutic effect，but there was no significant difference between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). At the end of the seventh day of treatment, the rates of cure and excellence in patients suffering from acute bronchitis were 82.35% in Gankeshuangqing group, and 63.77% in control group, and both groups showed good therapeutic effect, and there were significant differences between the two groups (Plt;0.05)；only one patient in Gankeshuangqing group had constipation during the treatment, but there was no evidence showing that it is caused by Gankeshuangqing. Conclusion The results show that Gankeshuangqing Capsule has a definite effect on wind-heat syndrome (acute upper respiratory infection or acute bronchitis) with good safety.
What drug dosage range is appropriate for treatment? What drug dosage range can maximally reduce the incidence of adverse drug reaction (ADR)? The gold zone method as a new method of evidence-based medical research was proposed to study those two blind areas of drug dosage in this article. Studying the dose-effect relationship, taking gold zone as the middle range and dividing empirical range into 3 sections were the key to study design. The evidence-based survey with extremely large sample showed a U-shaped rule existing between the antibiotics’ dosage and the incidence of ADR; and the dosage in gold zone appeared at the bottom of U-shaped curve. The gold zone method for determining dosage is a special breakthrough currently for solving those two blind areas of drug dosage
Objective To assess efficacy of mepivacaine on local anesthesia in dentistry and oral surgery and its safety. Methods Parallel group, stratified randomization, double blinded, muti-center clinical trial was designed. Two percent lidocaine with adrenaline in same cartridge was as control. Healthy patients with deep decay, pulpitis needed operative dentistry, or indication for extraction of the teeth, which located in the maxilla or front part of the mandible were included. Results Except 17 cases, 127 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria: 66 in treatment group and 61 in control group, dental filling for 60 and extraction for 67 cases, male 55 and female 72, average at 38.84 + 12.06 years. Submucous infiltration of 1.5 ml mepivacaine at labial or buccal side of the alveolar process produced onset of anesthesia in the median of 60 seconds which was same as that of lidocaine, anesthesia duration for 146.7 minutes with the median of 125 minutes, permitting painless filling or extractions. In the treatment group 81.82% freed of pain, while 15.15% had slight pain but received no extra local anesthetic for implementation of the treatment procedures, making the successful rate of 96.97%. In the mepivacaine group, 13.64% of the cases had transient elevation of the systolic pressure to the level of 145-162 mmHg, 8.33% diastolic pressure to the level of 91-93 mmHg. Only one case had transient palpitation in half minute after one minute injection of the drug with no medical care needed. All the cardiovascular reactions might result from adrenaline containing in the injections. Conclusion Mepivacaine is an effective, safe and reliable anesthetic agent for dentistry and oral surgery.
Objective To determine the effects recombinant human growth hormone (GH) and hypocaloric nutrition on postoperative convalescence, we performed a placebo-controlled randomized double-blind trial in 18 patients after elective gastrectomy or colectomy. Methods The subjects received parenteral nutrition containing 20 calories/kg per day and 1 g protein/kg per day. Daily injections of drug or placebo were given during the first postoperative week. Result The nine control subjects lost 3.3 kg (5.9% of preoperative weight) and had a cumulative nitrogen loss of 32.6 ± 4.2 g nitrogen at eight days. The patients receiving GH lost significantly less weight (1.3 kg) and nitrogen loss was 7.3 ± 3.1 g at eight days (Plt;0.001). Kinetic studies demonstrated that anabolic effects of GH were associated with increased protein synthesis, and amino acid flus studies across the forearm revealed increased uptake of amino acid nitrogen in the GH-treated patients. Body composition analysis revealed that the patients receiving GH maintained their lean body mass despite the major surgical procedure. Conclusion We conclude that the postoperative catabolic response can be modified with GH and hypocaloric nutrition. The metabolic and physiologic effects should now be studied in a larger number of patients to determine if this approach can reduce morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay for surgical patients.
Objective To explore the early effect following resection of ilealcecum and right hemicolon. MethodsTwenty piglets were randomly divided into 2 groups, 10 in control group and experimental group respectively. The ilealcecum and right hemicolon for 50 cm each were resected in the experimental group. The two groups were fed the same food before and after the operation. Some indexes of two groups were monitored. Results①In the two groups, the body length change wasn’t significant (Pgt;0.05); but the body weight had descended markly in experimental group, compared with control group, since 3 weeks after operation (Plt;0.05). ②In experimental group, the ileal bacteria were increased from 104-107/ml before operation to 109-1011/ml at 6 weeks after operation (Plt;0.05). ③The enterohepatic circulation of biliac acid was affected during the early phase after resection. ④In experimental group, the stool became diluted within 6 weeks after operation. ⑤In the two groups, the Vitamin B12 was waved slightly within 6 weeks after operation (Pgt;0.05). The megaloblastic anemia was not appeared. ⑥The function of liver and the absorption of Na+, Cl-,K+ did not change significantly (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion The ileocecum and right hemicolon are very important for digestion and absorption, it should be retained or the ileocecal valve should be reconstructed if possible.
Objective To explore the role of renin-angiotensin system( RAS) in acute lung injury( ALI) /acute respiratory dysfunction syndrome( ARDS) by using amouse cecal ligation and puncture ( CLP)model.Methods The ALI/ARDS animal models were assessed bymeasuring blood gas, wet/dry lung weight ratio( W/D) , and lung tissue histology 18 hours after CLP operation. After the ALI/ARDS models was successfully established, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and radioimmunity were used to investigate the changes of several key enzymes of RAS, such as ACE, ACE2 and Ang Ⅱ. In addition, two groups of animals received a separate intraperitoneal injection of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitor captopril or recombinant mouse ACE2 ( rmACE2) after CLP, then the changes of RAS in ALI/ARDS modelswere observed. Results The extensive lung injuries can be observed in the lung tissues from CLP-treated animals 18 hours after operation. The CLP-induced ALI/ARDS led to an increase in the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung tissues, and a decrease in the PaO2 /FiO2 [ ( 194. 3 ±23. 9) mm Hg vs ( 346. 7 ±20. 5) mm Hg,P lt;0. 01] . Immunohistochemistry and western blotting tests of the lung tissues from CLP-treated animals showed a decrease in the ACE2 protein level. However, in both the CLP and sham mice there were no significant differences between the two groups. CLP markedly increased Ang Ⅱ level in lungs and plasma of mice, and RAS drugs significantly impacted the Ang Ⅱ levels of mice. Compared with the CLP group,captopril or rmACE2 led to a decrease of the Ang Ⅱ level in mice [ Lung: ( 1. 58 ±0. 16) fmol /mg,( 1. 65 ±0. 21) fmol /mg vs ( 2. 38 ±0. 41) fmol /mg; Plasma: ( 178. 04 ±17. 87) fmol /mL, ( 153. 74 ±10. 24) fmol /mL vs ( 213. 38 ± 25. 44) fmol /mL] . Conclusions RAS activation is one of the characteristics of CLP-induced ALI/ARDS in mice models. ACE and ACE2 in RAS have a different role in the regulation of AngⅡ synthesis, while ACE has a positive effect in generating AngⅡ, and ACE2 shows a negative effect.