目的 总结神经外科复杂脑脊髓血管病杂交手术的护理配合经验。 方法 回顾分析2011 年4 月-2012 年5月华西医院手术室完成的 56例神经外科杂交手术的临床资料,总结神经外科杂交手术的护理配合经验。 结果 所有手术均顺利进行,未出现明显危及患者安全的情况。 结论 神经外科Hybrid手术治疗复杂脑脊髓血管病较普通手术更为安全有效。但手术护理准备及配合更为复杂,在手术室布局、手术流程方面需要医护协调专门进行优化。有神经外科专业经验的护士经过一段时间专门培训后担任手术巡回及器械护士更有利于手术的顺利、安全进行。
ObjectiveTo explore the nursing method to avoid rupture of intracranial aneurysm during induction of anesthesia. MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the nursing method for 428 patients with aneurysm during the induction of anesthesia between October 2012 and October 2013. According to the causes of rupture of intracranial aneurysm (anxiety, tension, excitement, sudden elevation of blood pressure, physical labor), we adopted nursing methods to avoid those causes, and implemented targeted nursing methods during induction of anesthesia. ResultsNo intracranial aneurysm rupture occurred in these 428 aneurysm patients during induction of anesthesia. Two patients' absolute value of systolic blood pressure was below 80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) during induction of anesthesia, and the vital signs of other patients kept normal. The number of intraoperative rupture cases was 3. When discharged from hospital, there were 385 patients with good prognosis, 39 patients with bad prognosis, and 4 death cases. ConclusionsTargeted nursing method based on patients' particular situation during induction of anesthesia can effectively control patients' emotion, stabilize fluctuations in hemodynamic indexes, decrease the incidence of aneurysm rupture, improve surgery treatment effect of intracranial aneurysm clipping, decrease complications, and improve patients' prognosis.
ObjectiveTo review the definition, incidence, risk factors, potential pathogenesis, biomarkers, and choice of follow-up treatment strategies of hyperprogressive disease (HPD).MethodDomestic and international literatures were collected to summarize the research progress of HPD in patients with malignant tumors who treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).ResultsThe research types of HPD were scattered, the sample size was limited, the definition standard was different, and there was lack of prospective validation studies. Therefore, the early warning assessment and molecular mechanism of HPD would become the next focus of the study of immunotherapy.ConclusionICIs can greatly improve the survival time of some patients with advanced malignant tumor, although some patients have HPD during treatment, but the incidence is relatively low.