Objective To observe the distribution of human photoreceptor cells at the posterior pole, detect the change of density of the cells affected by eccentricity, and analyze the relationship between the density distribution and the visual sensitivity. Methods Twenty human eye cups with the cornea removed were fixed in 4% polyformaldehyde for 1-4 weeks, and the retinal mounts were observed by differential interference contrast microscope to reveal the retinal cellular configuration and density. The inner segments of photoreceptor cells were first observed from the center to the temporal peripheral part of the retinal mounts. Results The highest density of visual cone cells was at the central fovea (134 000-267 000/mm2, mean 198 090/mm2; CV value:18.2%). The density and individual variation decreased rapidly in the peripheral area. The high density area of rod cells was at the 4 mm of the eccentricity, with the highest value of 72 610-182 350/mm2 and with the high density between 3 and 5 mm. Conclusions The inner segment of photoreceptor cells was monolayer, which may tell the cellular absolute value. The high density of retinal cone cells at the central fovea provide the basis of sensitive central visual acuity, which relates to the individual variation and development. The rod cells have the peak density at the eccentricity with 4 mm, and this area has the greatest sensitivity of dim vision.
Objective To investigate the response of retinal ganglion cells （RGC）in detached and reattached retina in adult rats, and the effect of IL-1beta antibody and IL-1Ra on the loss of RGC. Methods A total of 73 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subretinally injected with healon GV（1.4% hyaluronate）and retrograde labeled with fluorogold (FG), and 10 ng IL-1 Ra and 500 ng IL-1beta antibody were injected into the subretinal space combined with healon GV. The retinal flakes were observed under the fluoroscope and the number of RGC was counted 2 hours, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 50, and 90 days after deta chment; 10 days after detachment and 30 days after reattachement; 90 days after detachment and 20 days after reattachement, and 1 and 10 days after injection with IL-1beta antibody and IL-1Ra,respectively. And the control group was only developed an intraocular injection of the same valume of healon GV. Result Two hours after detachment, the RGC loss was found, reached the peak at first day, and decreased gradually. RGC loss was also found in the non-detached area. The reattachment 10 days after detachment (early reattachment) stopped the loss of RGC, and the reattachment 90 days after detachment (late reattachment) promoted the loss, which rested on a certain level. Subretinal space injection of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta antibody decreased the loss of RGCs in the detached retina. Conclusion The RGCs loss were found both in the detached and attached retina. Early reattachment may stop the loss of RGC, and late reattachment may promote the loss. Both IL-1beta antibody and IL-1Ra have neuro protective effect on RGC. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：233-236)
Objective To investigate the characteristics and possibility of using an image analyzer-aided method to count axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Methods The left optic nerves of 18 rats were transected intraorbitally and a piece of gelform soaked in 5% fluorogold was applied to the ocular stump to retrogradely label the surviving RGCs. All animals were executed 2, 7 or 14 d ays after the operation (n=6 for each time point), respectively. The left retinae were removed, post-fixed and whole-mounted on the slides. The numbers of labeled RGCs were counted using both the conventional sampling method and image analysis, and compared statistically between the two methods.Results The number of surviving RGCs decreased sharply［(12 0663±9 089), (59 285±17 071) and (17 802±19 8 4) cells/mm2 for image analyzer-aided method, and (118 237±7 898), (57 648±14 533) and (18 070±1 461) cells/mm2 for conventional sampling method］when the survival time increased from 2 to 7 and 14 days. No significant difference was detected between the two groups at any corresponding time points.Conclusion The image analyzer-aided method is convenient, objective and reproducible, which can be used in the studies where counting RGCs is needed. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：333-404)
Objective To investigate the effects of QUE on proliferation and DNA synthesis of cultured retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) cells with or without EGF. Methods With or without EGF, cultured RPE cells were treated with QUE by various concentrations(200,100,50,1mu;mol/L) and with QUE 200mu;mol/L at different times(24-168 hr), cells proliferation and DNA synthesis were evaluated by cell count method and the uptake of thymidine. The viability of cells was determined by trypanblue exclusion. Results The best concentration of QUE which inhibits proliferation and DNA synthesis of PRE cells was 200mu;mol/L. The significant inhibition effect of QUE occurred at 48hr, and the best inhibition of QUE occurred at 96hr. QUE had more powerful effect of antiproliferation on RPE cells, and the viability of RPE cells was over85%. Conclusion The results suggested that QUE could inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, especially inhibit the proliferation induced by EGF stimulating. QUE had no cyto-toxic effect on RPE cells cultured in vitro. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:27-29)
Purpose To analyze the relationship of retinal artery occlusion(RAO) with the white blood cell(WBC) count and inflammatory diseases away from the eyes. Methods Ninety-fours patients with retinal artery occlusion were studied retrospectively.The patients were divided into 2 groups,one of which with inflammatory diseases,the other without.An age and sex matched control group was made. Results Fifty four(58%) cases had inflammatory diseases of various causes at the same time,among which only 14(26%) cases directly involved the eyes.WBC count was significantly higher after the occurrence of RAO(Plt;0.05),comparing with that of the control group. Conclusion Inflammatory diseases away from the eyes may be oneof the factors causing RAO.The increased WBC count may be an inflammatory reaction to RAO. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:159-161)
【摘要】 目的 研究人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)患者CD4+T淋巴细胞数变化(ΔCD4+T)和外周血淋巴细胞总数变化(ΔTLC)的相关性。探讨用ΔTLC预测ΔCD4+T在监测HIV/AIDS患者疾病进展以及高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)疗效的价值。 方法 回顾性分析2005〖CD3/5〗2008年确诊的91例HIV/AIDS患者的临床资料。 结果 ΔTLC与ΔCD4+T呈直线正相关(r=0809,Plt;001),好于TLC与CD4+T的相关性(r=0712,Plt;001)。分别用ΔTLC 170、330、630、910个/μL细胞预测ΔCD4+T 50、100、200、300个/μL细胞时具有较好的预测价值,各项评价指标符合率基本达到90%以上,显著高于相同时间下用TLC预测CD4+T计数的价值。 结论 应用ΔTLC预测ΔCD4+T,可比TLC更加直观、准确的反映HIV感染者疾病进展和评价AIDS患者HAART的疗效。【Abstract 】Objective To assess the utility of total lymphocyte count (TLC) changes (ΔTLC) in place of TLC to predict the development of HIV/AIDS. To investigate the monitoring value of ΔCD4+T on progress of HIV/AIDS and HAART which predicted by ΔTLC. Methods Clinical data of 91 patiens with HIV/AIDS diagnosed from 2005 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A linear correlation was found between the value of ΔTLC and the value of CD4+T changes(ΔCD4+T)(r=0809,Plt;001),which was better than the correlation between TLC and CD4+T (r=0712,Plt;001).Using ΔTLC as 170,330,630,910 cells/μL,respectively for forecasting ΔCD4+T as 50,100,200,300 cells/μL,respectively,had a better predictive value with the area under ROC curve near to 09,significantly higher than using TLC for predicting CD4+T counts. Conclusion ΔTLC is more accurate than TLC to reflect the development of HIV/AIDS.
目的:分析艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗后的临床疗效,比较不同基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数增长情况。方法:纳入51例符合治疗标准的初治患者,采用国家标准抗病毒治疗一线方案和卫生部统一提供的免费药物,通过对服药后半月、1月、3月、6月、12月的时段进行临床评估和实验室检查,并比较不同基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平治疗后的增长情况。结果:治疗12月后,各方案组疗效无差异,不同基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的增长有显著差异。毒副反应为肝损伤、过敏性皮疹,消化道反应为主。结论:HAART可显著的抑制体内HIV病毒的复制,重建机体的免疫功能,缓解患者病情,有利于存活期的延长。严重的毒副作用发生较少。
目的 探讨联合检测白细胞计数和C反应蛋白对早期诊断结肠癌术后吻合口漏的意义。方法 回顾性分析山东省菏泽市立医院胃肠外科2009～2012年期间收治的183例结肠癌患者的临床资料，其中术后未发生吻合口漏171例（无吻合口漏组），发生吻合口漏12例（有吻合口漏组），所有患者在术前和术后均无其他感染性并发症。对2组患者术前和术后白细胞计数及C反应蛋白浓度进行了观察与分析。结果 有吻合口漏组患者的平均住院时间为（35±5） d，术后死亡3例（25.0%），长于或高于无吻合口漏组的（12±2） d及5例（2.9%），P＜0.05。术后2组患者白细胞计数在发生漏早期无明显差异，有吻合口漏组患者白细胞计数在漏出现临床症状时显著升高（P＜0.05）。术后2组患者C反应蛋白浓度都较术前增高，无吻合口漏组患者在术后第3天开始逐渐降低；有吻合口漏组患者在术后第4天至第11天与无吻合口漏组患者相比明显增高（P＜0.05）。结论 C反应蛋白相对于白细胞计数在早期诊断吻合口漏方面具有更重要的意义，术后第4天以后出现的C反应蛋白下降后再次上升或持续性升高可能提示有吻合口漏发生。
ObjectiveTo investigate the ultrasonic changes of hepatic veins and splenic veins during various immune stages with different CD4+T lymphocyte count. MethodsFifty AIDS/HIV patients with chronic viral hepatitis treated between January 2010 and October 2013 were designated as the case group, and another 50 patients with simple chronic viral hepatitis were regarded as the controls. For patients in the case group, we observed their ultrasonic changes of hepatic and splenic veins during various immune stages with different CD4+T lymphocyte count. The results of observation and clinical laboratory analysis were compared. ResultsAbnormal ultrasonic changes were detected in the liver in various immune stages based on the CD4+T lymphocyte count, and the main manifestations of these changes included unclear portal and splenic vein distal direction, wide diameter, slowed blood flow velocity, and disappearance of fluctuations of blood flow spectrum; and unclear hepatic vein distal direction, low and three-phase, and negative blood flow spectrum with the disappearance of windows were also detected. There were no statistical differences between the case group and the control group when the CD4+T cell count was over 300/mm3, and a few indexes were significantly different when the CD4+T cell count was between 100 and 200/mm3. However, the differences of almost all indexes were significant when the CD4+T cell count was below 100/mm3. ConclusionPatients with HIV/AIDS combined with chronic viral hepatitis have ultrasonographic abnormalities of intrahepatic and splenic veins, which is more obvious as the CD4+T cell count declines. Overall consideration of intrahepatic vein and splenic vein ultrasonic indicators helps clinical assessment of disease development in patients with HIV/AIDS combined with chronic viral hepatitis.