Objective To define an evidence-based conclusion concerning ultrasound screening for fetal genital system malformations during pregnancy. Methods In order to assess whether or not ultrasound screening for fetal genital system malformations is effective and feasible, we searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2009), MEDLINE (1981 to 2009), ACP Journal Club (1991 to 2008), and BMJ Clinical Evidence (1999 to 2008) for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and controlled clinical trials. Results Five cohort studies and three crosssectional studies were retrieved. The results showed ultrasound screening detected fetal sex determination by the contour of the rump and the angle of the genital tubercle to a horizontal line through the lumbosacral skin surface in the first trimester. Scrotal size and penile length increases with gestational age for male fetuses, and by 32 weeks, bilateral testicular descent was observed in most cases. Ultrasonographic scans, fetal genetic studies, and hormonal assays of amniotic fluid can diagnosis certain diseases, fetal sex differentiation disorders, fetal endocrinal disorders, and chromosome abnormality. Conclusion The findings of this study should reassure physicians and parents alike that ultrasound screening is an reliable option for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal genital system malformations, but more randomized controlled trials are needed to further supply relevant evidence.
目的 分析不同孕周正常胎儿静脉导管的频谱特征及血流频谱参数，得到不同孕周胎儿各频谱参数的正常参考值范围。 方法 2011年6月－9月检测记录不同孕周胎儿的静脉导管波形及各频谱参数，统计各频谱参数的正常参考值范围，并评估与其孕周的相关性。 结果 胎儿静脉导管的频谱速度参数与孕周呈正相关，阻力参数与孕周呈负相关，均以11～20周变化趋势较明显，其中3.59%的胎儿静脉导管频谱出现异常。 结论 正常胎儿的静脉导管血流参数与孕周有较好的相关性，静脉导管频谱在孕16周前可出现生理性的异常。
目的:探讨新生儿泳疗(以下简称“泳疗”)对新生儿生理指标的影响。方法:选择2007年6至2008年12月在成都市第七人民医院剖腹产分娩足月新生儿120例,按分娩的时间顺序分成泳疗组和对照组各60例。对住院期间相同时间段的新生儿吃奶量、睡眠情况、胎便、体重、选择性新生儿行为神经测评共五项指标进行统计分析。结果:泳疗组新生儿出生7天内吃奶量多、睡眠时间长,睡眠质量好;泳疗组排便次数增加,胎便转黄时间提前;泳疗组体重恢复大于对照组(163±70)g、(97±77)g。结论:新生儿泳疗是一项全新的健康保健运动,具有科学性、新颖性、实用性和可行性,有益于新生儿生长发育。
ObjectiveTo explore the differences in ultrasonographic features of testicular teratoma and yolk sac tumor (YST) in children.MethodsA total of 44 patients were selected, including 30 with testicular teratoma and 14 with YST, whose diagnoses were confirmed by surgery and pathology in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2015 to June 2019. The differences in ultrasonograhic characteristics of the two groups were compared, such as the size, location, internal echo, composition, and blood supply of the tumors.ResultsThe mean value of maximum diameters of testicular teratomas was (24.25±12.13) mm and that of YSTs was (29.71±18.75) mm, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (F=0.531, P=0.383). In terms of the compositions of the tumors, cystic-solid lesions were the most common in testicular teratomas (17/30), followed by solid lesions (8/30) and cystic lesions (5/30); while solid lesions were the most common in YSTs (12/14), followed by cystic-solid lesions, and cystic lesions did not appear. The difference in the compositions of tumors was statistically significant between children’s testicular teratomas and YSTs (P=0.001), especially in the proportion of solid lesions. In terms of Adler grade of blood flow, there were 9 cases of Adler 0, 10 cases of Adler 1, 10 cases of Adler 2, and 1 case of Adler 3 in testicular teratomas, while there were 0 case of Adler 0, 1 case of Adler 1, 4 cases of Adler 2, and 9 cases of Adler 3 in YSTs. The difference in the blood supply was statistically significant between children’s testicular teratomas and YSTs (P<0.001). Testicular teratomas tended less to behave as Adler 3, while Adler 3 was the most common in YSTs. There was no statistically significant difference in other ultrasonic features, like the location, internal echo, or the existence of calcification (P>0.05).ConclusionsUltrasound has a certain meaning for the differential diagnosis of testicular teratoma and YST in children. By comparing the solid component and the blood supply of the tumor, it is helpful for enhancing the diagnostic confidence of sonographer.
【摘要】 目的 探讨超声检查对阴道斜隔综合征的诊断价值，分析超声图像特点，提高诊断率，为临床选用最佳的手术方式提供依据。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月-2010年6月经手术确诊为阴道斜隔综合征的15例患者的临床资料及超声检查结果，总结阴道斜隔综合征的声像图特点。 结果 15例经临床确诊为阴道斜隔综合征的患者，超声诊断14例，均表现为双子宫、双宫颈、阴道或宫颈积液/血，9例左肾缺如，5例右肾缺如。误诊1例，为单子宫伴一侧附件巨大囊肿。 结论 超声具有诊断准确、简便、无创、重复性好、价格实惠等优点，对于临床诊断生殖系统畸形具有十分重要的意义，应列为首选检查方式。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in examining oblique vaginal septum syndrome, analyze the characteristics of ultrasound image to improve the ultrasound diagnosis rate, in order to provide guidance for clinical surgeries. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and ultrasound examination results of 15 patients diagnosed to have oblique vaginal septum syndrome in our hospital, and summarized their ultrasonographic characteristics. Results Among the 15 patients, 14 were diagnosed to have the disease by ultrasound examination. The ultrasound image showed a double uterus, double cervix, and vaginal or cervical fluid or blood for all the patients among whom 9 had absent left kidney, and 5 had absent right kidney. One patient was misdiagnosed to have single uterus with giant cysts on one side. Conclusions Ultrasound diagnosis is simple, noninvasive, reproducible, affordable and accurate in diagnosing. It is very useful in clinical diagnosis of reproductive system abnormalities and should be listed as the preferred way of examinations.
目的:总结97例高龄肺癌患者的外科治疗方法及围手术期处理经验。方法:手术根治性切除82 例,姑息性切除9例,手术探查6例,姑息性切除和探查手术有11例术中植入I125种子,术后75例经化疗等综合治疗。结果:手术切除率93.8%,手术病死率2.1%,术后并发症发生率95.9%,随访率93.8%。手术根治性切除术后1、3、5年生存率分别为 80.8%、55.1%、28.2%。结论:年龄不是高龄肺癌手术的禁忌证,但高龄肺癌患者常并有多系统基础疾病,正确的手术方式及有针对性的围手术期处理是保证手术效果的关键。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy as a marker for congenital heart defects (CHD). MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2012, middle-low risk pregnant women were prospectively evaluated at the Department of Ultrasound in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University about Nuchal translucency and echocardiography. ResultsNT measurements was performed in 2 443 women from 2 764 pregnancy women, and a total of 2 125 case could be used in data analysis. NT measurement >2.5 mm was found in 68 fetuses, and 11 cases were diagnosed as CHD (prevalence 5.2/1 000). The sensitivity and specificity of NT measurement >2.5 mm for CHD were 45.5% and 87%, respectively. ConclusionIncreasing nuchal translucency might increase the risk of CHD in fetuses, and could be used as a method to diagnosis CHD.
【摘要】 目的 探讨婴幼儿常见泌尿系统先天发育异常的超声特征。 方法 回顾性分析2008年9月17日-2010年6月1日体检的婴幼儿中所发现的各种泌尿系统先天性发育异常的超声表现。 结果 发现泌尿系统先天性发育异常88例，其中肾缺如50例，多房性肾囊性变10例，多囊肾2例，肾旋转不良1例，重复肾10例，输尿管囊肿6例，异位肾7例，融合肾2例。 结论 婴幼儿常见的泌尿系统先天性发育异常有较特异的超声表现，超声检查是筛查婴幼儿泌尿系统先天性发育异常的首选影像学检查方法。【Abstract】 Objective To study the ultrasonic characteristics of congenital malformation of infantile urinary system. Methods We analyzed various ultrasonic appearances of congenital malformation of infantile urinary system in our hospital in the recent two years retrospectively. Result We found 88 cases of congenital urinary system malformation in all infants, including 50 cases of renal agenesis, 10 cases of multi-cystic kidney, 2 cases of policystic kidney, 1 case of malrotation of kidney, 10 cases of duplex kidney, 6 cases of ureter cyst, 7 cases of ectopic kidney, and 2 cases of fused kidney. Conclusion Special ultrasonic appearances can be detected for congenital malformation of infantile urinary system, so ultrasound can be regarded as the first-line iconographical examination for the disease.
【摘要】 目的 探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的价值，进一步提高子宫内膜息肉的诊断准确率。 方法 2009年1月-2010年12月，对48例子宫内膜息肉患者，经阴道彩色多普勒超声发现病灶后观察其位置、大小、内部回声及病灶内部和周边的彩色血流情况，并与手术病理结果对照。 结果 经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的准确率为87.5%， 2例误诊为子宫黏膜下肌瘤，3例误诊为子宫内膜增厚，1例漏诊。 结论 经阴道彩色多普勒超声对子宫内膜息肉有较高的临床诊断价值。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the value of transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps and to further improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods From January 2009 to December 2010, fourty-eight patients with endometrial polyps participated in this study. Transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography was used to observe the location, size, and internal echo of the lesions, and the color flow within and around the lesions. Then, we compared all the ultrasonic features with pathological findings. Results The diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps was 87.5%. Two cases were misdiagnosed as submucosal uterine fibroids, 3 as endometrial thickening, and 1 missed. Conclusion Transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography has a high clinical value in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps.