Studies of evidence-based medicine have provided much important evidence, clarified problems, and guided the clinical practice in the treatment of renal diseases. As examples, several therapeutic problems in renal hypertension, renal anemia and low protein diet for the patients with chronic kidney disease are discussed in this paper.
目的 通过比较三种血液净化方式对炎症介质、甲状旁腺激素等中大分子毒素的清除效果，并观察促红细胞生成素（EPO）的治疗效果，探寻有利于肾性贫血改善的最佳透析模式。 方法 2011年5月－8月采用前瞻性、随机对照、开放式设计，选择维持性血透患者60例，随机分成3组，每组20例。血液灌流（HDP）组[每2周5次血液透析（HD）+1次HDP]、血液透析滤过治疗（HDF）组（每2周5次HD+1次HDF）、HD组（每2周6次HD），随访3个月。检测试验前后反应蛋白（CRP）、β2微球蛋白、甲状旁腺素（PTH）、白介素-6的水平以及各组患者肾性贫血指标的变化。 结果 3个月试验结束时，HDP组和HDF组4项尿毒症毒素水平均显著下降，其中HDP组CRP水平明显低于HDF组（P＜0.05）；HDP组和HDF组试验后的血红蛋白水平较试验前升高，ERI值下降。HD组试验前后的毒素水平无明显变化，ERI值升高。3组患者均未出现严重不良事件。 结论 HDP和HDF清除中大分子毒素的能力优于HD，有利于缓解微炎症状态，改善EPO治疗效果。HDP和HDF的远期效果哪种更好，尚有待于进一步的研究。
【摘要】 目的 比较生血宁片和多糖铁复合物胶囊两种口服铁剂在治疗维持性血液透析患者肾性贫血中的治疗效果。 方法 2008年12月-2010年6月间选择40例维持性血液透析贫血患者，随机分为生血宁片组和多糖铁复合物胶囊组，每组20例，观察期为8周。分别检测两组患者用药前及用药后4、8周时血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度等指标情况。同时两组患者均使用基因重组人促红细胞生成素，按100~120 U/（kg·周），分两次皮下注射。 结果 治疗前两组指标无明显差异，治疗后两组患者的血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清铁蛋白以及转铁蛋白饱和度较治疗前均显著上升，且两组患者升高的幅度相比，生血宁组升高的幅度更显著。治疗结束时，两组患者不良反应方面的差异无统计学意义。 结论 两种口服铁剂均能有效地纠正血液透析患者的铁缺乏及贫血状况；生血宁片组的作用更显著，且还具备降低患者促红细胞生成素使用量的作用。【Abstract】 Objective To compare the effect of Shengxuening piece and capsule polysaccharide-iron complex on anemia in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 40 patients with anemia in maintenance hemodialysis treated between December 2008 and June 2010 were randomly divided into Shengxuening piece group and capsule polysaccharide-iron complex group; the patients were observed for 8 weeks. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum ferritin (SF), transferrin saturation (TSAT) and other indicators were detected before treatment four and eight weeks after the treatment. While patients were used recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) according to 100-120 U/(kg·week), twice subcutaneous injection. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Hb, Hct, SF and TSAT increased significantly after treatment in both of the groups and specially in the Shengxuening piece group. After the treatment, the difference in the adverse reaction between the two groups was not significant. Conclusions Both oral iron can effectively correct the hemodialysis patients with iron deficiency and anemia. However, Shengxuening has more significant role and may reduce the use of erythropoietin in patients with hemodialysis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the status of roxadustat in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis and analyze the factors affecting drug compliance. MethodsPatients with renal anemia undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from July 2020 to March 2021 were selected. All patients took roxadustat orally. According to the medication compliance, the patients were divided into good compliance group and poor compliance group. The general information questionnaire and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) were used to investigate and analyze the included patients, and their clinical examination indexes were collected. ResultsA total of 100 patients were included, Including 39 cases (39%) in the good compliance group and 61 cases (61%) in the poor compliance group. The average score of medication compliance of roxadustat was 5.19±1.72. Logistic regression analysis showed that drug cognition [odds ratio (OR)=0.099, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.027, 0.365), P=0.001], medication troubles/complex protocol [OR=5.330, 95%CI (1.567, 18.132), P=0.007], and adverse drug reactions [OR=5.453, 95%CI (1.619, 18.368), P=0.006] were factors affecting patient compliance. Hemoglobin in the good compliance group was lower than that in the poor compliance group (Z=−2.259, P=0.024); there was no significant difference in other clinical examination indexes (P>0.05). ConclusionsThe overall compliance of oral roxadustat in maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients is poor, and the corresponding follow-up management system should be improved. Nurses should provide comprehensive and systematic medication guidance to patients, encourage them to fully understand the clinical manifestations, treatment schemes and prognosis of renal anemia, clarify the time, dose, possible adverse reactions and mitigation methods of roxadustat, etc., and help them to treat the disease with correct cognition and attitude, so as to improve their drug compliance.