ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms of perineural invasion (PNI) in pancreatic cancer so as to find a new treatment for pancreatic cancer. MethodsThe literatures on PNI, neurotropism, nerve-tumor microenvironment and nerve growth factor in pancreatic cancer were reviewed and the mechanisms of PNI were summarized. ResultsThe rich innervation of pancreatic tissue itself and the minute slits within perineural structure were the anatomic basis of PNI. Tumor cells expressed neural antigens were the pathological basis of PNI. Tumor-nerve microenvironment and nerve growth factor family and themselves receptors might play an important molecular role in PNI. However, tumor cells expressed neural antigens were not only closely related to the PNI, but also the interaction between tumor cells and nerves played an important role in PNI. ConclusionsThe detailed mechanisms of PNI are extremely complex and controversial up to today. However, it is possible to search a new therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer according to the mechanisms of PNI.
ObjectiveTo investigate the growth characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells in the twodimensional culture system (monolayer) and threedimensional culture system (type Ⅰ collagen and extracellular matrix gel). MethodsThree pancreatic cancer cell lines (SW1990, PCT, and ASPC1) were cultured in monolayer, type Ⅰ collagen, and extracellular matrix gel, respectively. The growth patterns were observed, growth curves were detected by CCK8 test, and the cell cycle distributions were analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Results In the twodimensional culture system, cells grew in monolayer. In the type Ⅰ collagen and the ECM gel threedimensional culture system, cells formed multicellular spheroids (MCS), of which the growth rates were slower than those of the cells in monolayer. The proportions of S phase of SW1990, PCT, and ASPC1 cells in twodimensional culture system were significantly more than those in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d and 8 d 〔(29.6±3.0)% vs. (18.2±5.1)%, (33.6±2.1)% vs. (14.5±3.2)%, (33.1±1.8)% vs. (24.7±2.6)%; Plt;0.05〕, while the difference of proportion of three cell lines in G2/M phase was not different between twodimensional culture system and type Ⅰ collagen (Pgt;0.05). The proportions of G0/G1 phase of SW1990 and PCT cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d and 8 d and ASPC1 cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d were significant more than those cultured in twodimensional culture system (Plt;0.05). The proportions of S phase of ASPC1 cells and SW1990 cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d were significant more than those cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 8 d (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsThe characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells in twodimensional and threedimensional culture systems are different. MCS culture system can better mimic the in vivo growth environment of cells in tumors.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of multi-slice CT angiography (MSCTA) in peripancreatic vascular invasion of pancreatic carcinoma. MethodsThirty-eight patients with pancreatic carcinoma were detected by MSCTA technology before operation. The peripancreatic vascular invasion of pancreatic carcinoma was evaluated by multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) combined with axial image, and compared with the surgical results. ResultsThe MSCTA results showed that there were 12 patients (31.6%) with vascular invasion in 38 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, and the surgical results showed that there were 16 patients (42.1%) with vascular invasion. There was a b fit goodness of two results (kappa=0.665, P=0.000). The sensibility and specificity of MSCTA was 68.8% (11/16) and 95.5% (21/22), respectively. ConclusionsMSCTA technology has a high correct rate in evaluation of peripancreatic vessel encroached by pancreatic carcinoma, the MSCTA result has a b consistency to the surgical result. It has a value of clinical application in evaluation of peripancreatic vessel encroached by pancreatic carcinoma.
Objective To summarize the principle and application of functional MR imaging of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic mass-forming type pancreatitis. Methods Articles about diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance spectrum imaging (MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis were reviewed and analyzed. Results Functional MR imaging could reflected the differences in molecules diffusion, metabolism and tissue perfusion between pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. Conclusion As a non-invasive protocol, functional MR imaging can provide useful information in differential diagnosis between chronic mass-forming type pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma.
Objective To investigate the invasion ability of Panc-1 cells in vivo and in vitro af ter being t ransfected with tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 gene ( TFPI-2) . Methods The expression vector pEGFP-C1-TFPI-2 was transfected into human pancreatic cancer line Panc-1 cells by using liposome. TFPI-2 mRNA and protein of transfected and nontransfected cells were detected by reverse t ranscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. The tumor cells invasive behavior of t ransfected ( Panc-1-TFPI-2) and nontransfected ( Panc-1-V and Panc-1-P) cells were assessed in vitro through Boyden Chamber method. The transfected and nontransfected cells were implanted into nude mice to observe it s growth and metastasis in vivo. Results Expressions of mRNA and protein of TFPI-2 were confirmed in transfected cells. Af ter TFPI-2 t ransfection , the number of Panc-1-TFPI-2 , Panc-1-V and Panc-1-P cells passing through membrane of Boyden Chamber were 24. 4 ±3. 5 ,61. 3 ±4. 1 and 60. 2 ±3. 9 , respectively. The number of TFPI-2-expressing cells to t raverse a Matrigel-coated membrane was obviously decreased compared with that of non-expressing cells , the invasion ability was lower than that before transfection in vitro. The subcutaneous tumor volume of the Panc-1-TFPI-2 group was (438. 0 ±69. 8) mm3 , the Panc-1-V group was (852. 0 ±102. 9) mm3 and the Panc-1-P group was (831. 0 ±78. 1) mm3 , P lt; 0. 05. The metastasis to liver and lung and muscular invasion occurred in the Panc-1-V group and the Panc-1-P group. There were no muscular invasion and metastatic lesions in the Panc-1-TFPI-2 group. Conclusion TFPI-2 gene expression may obviously inhibit the invasion ability of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo , which provides an experimental basis for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer by gene therapy.
目的 探讨胰管结石慢性胰腺炎的诊断和治疗。方法 收集我院1993年3月至2003年9月经手术治疗的胰管结石慢性胰腺炎患者34例的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。结果 全组病例均经B超和CT检查确诊，均经手术治疗。手术方式： 胰十二指肠切除术5例； 胰管切开取石、胰空肠Roux-Y吻合术27例，其中同时行胆囊切除术6例，Oddi扩约肌切开、T管引流术4例，胆肠Roux-Y吻合术2例； 胃空肠、胆肠吻合加活检术2例。治愈31例，缓解2例，死亡1例。结论 影像学检查是诊断本病的重要手段，准确率高。根据合并症和胰管扩张程度选择合适的手术方式，可取得良好治疗效果。
Objective To study the method of obtaining a large number of dendritic cells （DC）. To study the specific cytotoxicity T lymphocyte (CTL) effect against tumor cells initiated by DC pulsed with peptide of cancer cell. Methods Development of cells with cytologic features of DC in bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulus factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4. Determining the DC phenotype and the specific structure by electronic microscopy. The CTL effect against pancreatic carcinoma leading by the DC pulsed with tumor cells lysate in vitro was observed. Results A large number of typical DC was proliferated by supplementing with GM-CSF and IL-4 cytokines. DC had specific cell appearance and structure, and highly expressed various cell surface molecules. TNF-α had the ability of stimulating DC mature, the mature DC had the enhancing abilities of antigen presenting and IL-12 self-secreting, as well as, expressed higher levels of CD54， MHC-Ⅱ and CD86 molecules than control group (P＜0.05). T lymphoid cell stimulated by DC without tumor antigen could not recognize and kill the target cells, only if DC pulsed with peptide of cancer cell can lead a b immune response to special tumor cells. The inhibiting ratio of CTL was significantly higher than that in other groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion Bone marrow DC has b ability of inducing special CTL against determined cancer cells after they are pulsed with tumor cell lysate. DC vaccine is probably a new immunotherapeutic method against tumor in the near future.
【Abstract】Objective To analyze the function of BAG3 in antiapoptosis and chemotherapy resistance induction process of pancreatic cancer.Methods The expressions of BAG-3 in pancreatic cancerous tissues of patients with chemotherapy and those without chemotherapy before resection were determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression difference of BAG-3 protein 18 hours after cultured with chemotherapy drugs (concentration of drugs: 5-FU 50 μg/ml, MMC 0.5 μg/ml, EADM 1.5 μg/ml) of 3 pancreatic cancer cell lines （MIACaPa-2, PANC-1, SW1990） was measured through Western blotting method.Results The median positive rate of pancreatic cancer tissue from patients accepted chemotherapy before resection was higher than those not accepted chemotherapy, but there wasn’t significant difference. Eighteen hours after cultured with drugs, the level of BAG-3 of this three cell lines had significant increased compared with control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Chemotherapy induces elevation of BAG-3 expression of pancreatic cancer. The upregulate of BAG-3 may associate with the chemotherapy resistance induced by drugs.