目的 测定多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者血清胱抑素C （Cys-C） 的水平，探讨Cys-C与国际分期体系（ISS）、血β2-微球蛋白、溶骨性损害等指标的关系。 方法 收集2008年1月－2010年9月32例初治和8例复发的MM患者作为研究对象，同时收集40例健康体检者的检查资料作为对照组，测定血清Cys-C、血肌酐（Scr）、血β2-微球蛋白。采用核素全身骨显像（ECT）观察患者的溶骨性病变部位数。 结果 患者血清Cys-C水平（1.40 mg/L）明显高于健康对照组（0.90 mg/L）（P＜0.01）；在MM患者中Cys-C比Scr更敏感，能反映肾小球滤过率；血清Cys-C水平与ISS分期晚，血β2-微球蛋白升高以及溶骨性病变进展密切相关。 结论 MM患者的Cys-C水平高于健康者。Cys-C是骨髓瘤肾损害的早期敏感标志物，与肿瘤负荷及溶骨性损害密切相关，可作为评价肿瘤负荷的潜在指标。Objective To evaluate the serum levels of cystatin-C in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and to explore its possible correlations with clinical data, including ISS stage, serum β2-microglobulin, and advanced lytic lesions. Methods From January 2008 to September 2010, serum cystatin-C, creatinine (Scr), and β2-microglobulin in 32 patients with MM, 8 patients with relapsed disease, and in 40 healthy controls were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer detection. According to skeleton ECT, grading of osteolytic lesion was observed. Results The levels of serum cystatin-C of patients with MM were significantly higher than those of the controls. Serum cystatin-C could reflect the glomerular filtration rate , and was more sensitive than Scr in patients with renal lesion. Serum cystatin-C had ber correlations with advanced ISS stages, high levels of serum β2-microglobulin, and extensive bone diseases. Conclusion Serum cystatin-C is a sensitive marker of renal lesion in patients with MM, it could be a potential indicator to assess the tumor burden.
目的 探讨血清中胱抑素C（Cys-C）在糖尿病、高血压为主要原发疾病的慢性肾病患者进行早期筛查和监测的临床意义。 方法 收集2007年7月－2009年3月由糖尿病、高血压引起慢性肾病患者的血清，采用微粒子增强免疫透射比浊分析法测定由89例糖尿病、76例高血压引起慢性肾病患者血清Cys-C浓度，同时测定其血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）、尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER），根据UAER的量分组统计，分析血清Cys-C与其他传统肾功能指标的相关性。 结果 由于高血压、糖尿病等慢性疾病引起早期肾病时，患者血清Cys-C、UAER与正常对照组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01），而传统的肾功指标BUN、Scr与正常对照组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,在中晚期肾病患者中Cys-C浓度与UAER 、BUN、Scr呈显著正相关（r=0.936，0.692，0.653；P＜0.01)。 结论 与BUN、Scr相比，血清Cys-C是一个更准确、更敏感反映早期肾病的指标，是糖尿病/高血压患者早期发现肾病并发症的一项重要监测指标，具有临床意义。
【摘要】 目的 以99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像法肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate，GFR）测定为标准，将血清胱抑素C（cystatin C， CysC）检测与其比较，探讨CysC测定在2型糖尿病肾病（type 2 diabetic nephropathy，T2DN）诊断中的意义。 方法 2010年6月—2011年1月76例2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）患者按24 h尿微量白蛋白（microalbuminuria，m-Alb）分为两组:正常蛋白尿组（31例）和微量蛋白尿组（45例），同时测定GFR、CysC、血清肌酐（serum creatinine， Scr）和糖化血红蛋白（hemoglobin A1c， HbA1c），并设正常自愿者38名作为对照组，进行统计学分析。 结果 对照组、T2DM正常蛋白尿组及T2DM微量蛋白尿组CysC水平分别为（1.1±0.6）、（1.6±0.7）、（1.0±0.3） mg/L，各组差异均有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）；HbA1c水平分别为（5.4±0.6）%、（7.1±2.7）%、（7.9±3.1）%、两组T2DM患者与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）；GFR水平分别为（80.9±23.0）、（74.2±26.1）、（79.3±19.7） mL/（min•1.73 m2），各组差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）；Scr水平分别为（87.7±23.8）、（93.7±38.4）、（81.5±11.4） μmol/L，组间差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。CysC、Scr和GFR之间呈负相关（r=-0.694，-0.692；Plt;0.001）；CysC和Scr之间呈正相关（r=0.903，Plt;0.001）。 结论 CysC可作为早期T2DN的检测指标，具有较高的敏感性，但对于轻度到中度GFR降低的诊断准确性并不优于Scr。【Abstract】 Objective To demonstrate the clinical value of serum cystatin-C (CysC) in the assessment of renal function in type-2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) by comparing it with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by 99mTc-DTPA method. Methods From June 2010 to January 2011, 76 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were classified into two groups according to their 24 h microalbuminuria (m-Alb) level: the normal albuminuric group (n=31) and the microalbuminuric group (n=45). GFR, Serum creatinine (Scr), CysC, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Thirty-eight healthy subjects were recruited as the control group, and statistical analysis was carried out. Results The CysC levels in the control group, the normal albuminuric group and the microalbuminuria group were respectively (1.1±0.6), (1.6±0.7) and (1.0±0.3) mg/L, with a significant difference among the three groups (Plt;0.05). HbA1c level in the three groups were respectively (7.1±2.7)%, (7.9±3.1)% and (5.4±0.6)%, with a significant difference between the two diabetic groups and the control group (Plt;0.05). Scr levels in the three groups were respectively (87.7±23.8), (93.7±38.4), (81.5±11.4) μmol/L; GFR levels in the three groups were respectively (80.9±23.0), (74.2±26.1), (79.3±19.7) mL/(min•1.73 m2); among the three groups the differences of both Scr and GFR were not significant. Both CysC and Scr were negatively correlated with GFR (r=-0.694,-0.692;Plt;0.001), and CysC was positively correlated with Scr (r=0.903, Plt;0.001). Conclusion Increased CysC may be an early indicator of incipient diabetic nephropathy, but the diagnostic accuracy of CysC is not superior to that of Scr in distinguishing between mildly and moderately reduced GFR.
【摘要】 目的 观察70岁以上老年心肌梗死急性期血清胱抑素C（cystatin C，CysC）水平，探讨急性心肌梗死后CysC水平变化的意义。 方法 顺序入选2010年7月-2011年7月期间70岁以上急性心肌梗死患者58例及正常对照58例。入选对象均经冠状动脉造影检查确诊或排除诊断，记录急性心肌梗死患者梗死部位和梗死相关血管，并计算Gensini积分。所有入选对象采血，使用乳胶增强免疫透射比浊法测定急性期血清CysC水平。 结果 心肌梗死急性期，血清CysC水平低于正常对照组（Plt;0.05）；不同冠状动脉病变评分与血清CysC水平呈负相关，Gensini积分越高，血清CysC水平越低。 结论 血清CysC与冠心病关系密切。检测CysC，为冠心病的风险预测、老年患者危险分层和治疗提供一条新的线索和途径。
【摘要】 目的 探讨老年糖尿病患者血清胱抑素C与血脂及高敏C反应蛋白的关系。 方法 2008年5月-2009年10月糖尿病患者共141例，其中糖尿病合并症组68例，单纯糖尿病组73例；另选取对照组51例。对入选者的血清胱抑素C、血脂及高敏C反应蛋白进行分析。 结果 老年男女糖尿病合并症组血清胱抑素C、高敏C反应蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最低，与对照组比较有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）、与单纯糖尿病组比较，无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。老年男女单纯糖尿病组高敏C反应蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯高于对照组，组间比较，有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。老年男女单纯糖尿病组血清胱抑素C与对照组比较，无统率学意义（Pgt;0.05）。老年女性单纯糖尿病组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与对照组比较，有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。老年男性糖尿病二组与对照组血清胱抑素C低于老年女性糖尿病二组与对照组，组间比较，无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。老年男性糖尿病患者血清胱抑素C与高敏C反应蛋白及血脂不相关。老年女性糖尿病合并症组血清胱抑素C与空腹血糖正相关；单纯糖尿病组血清胱抑素C与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇负相关、与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇正相关、与高敏C反应蛋白不相关。 结论 老年糖尿病患者高脂、高糖及低度炎症状态下，血清胱抑素C水平较高。血脂对血清胱抑素C的影响可能存在性别差异。随着动脉粥样硬化的加重，血清胱抑素C有升高趋势。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C concentration and lipid, hs-C reactive protein in the elderly with diabetes. Methods A total of 192 senile people form May 2008 to October 2009 were investigated. There were 141 patients with diabetes, in whom 68 were with cardiovascular and cor, cerebrovascular diseases, 73 were with diabetes only.There were 51 control subjects. The data of serum cystatin C, hs-CRP, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were analyzed. Results Serum cystatin C of elderly men was lower than that in elderly women, but no signifcant correlation between them was found (Pgt;0.05). Serum cystatin C, hs-CRP, TC, TG and LDL-C was higher, and HDL-C was lower in male and female diabetes subjects with cardiovascular and cor, cerebrovascullar diseases, than that in control subjects (Plt;0.05). Serum hs-CRP, TC and TG were higher in the elderly with diabetes only, than that in control subjects (Plt;0.05). LDL-C was higher in senile women with diabetes only, than that in female control subjects (Plt;0.05). Serum cystatin C with LDL-C in elderly women with diabetes only, with FPG in female diabetes subjects with cardiovascular and cor, cerebrovascular diseases had position correlation (Plt;0.05). No correlation were observed between serum cystatin C and hs-CRP in male and female diabetes subjects, and lipid in male diabetes subjects. Conclusions We speculate that high serum lipid, high glucose and low level of inflammation may result in increasing of serum cystatin C in senily people with diabetes. The influence of serum lipid on serum cystatin C may be different in male and female senile people.Along with atherosclerotic aggravating, the level of serum cystatin C was increasing.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the screening performance of commonly used renal function indicators for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in subjects of different ages, so as to explore the appropriate screening regimen for Chinese population.MethodsA total of 2 131 adult subjects in Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital or Mianyang Central Hospital from May 2016 to October 2017 were selected. They were divided into three groups according to age: group A (18–39 years, n=278), group B (40–64 years, n=1 167), and group C (≥65 years, n=686). Serum levels of creatinine (SCr), urea, and cystatin C [CysC; to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on this index], as well as urine levels of albumin, total protein and creatinine were measured, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine protein to creatinine ratio (PCR) were calculated respectively. CKD was diagnosed according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Guideline (2012 Edition). The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was finally performed to investigate the diagnostic performance of each indicator for CKD.ResultsThe prevalences of CKD in group A, B, and C were 10.8% (30/278), 16.4% (191/1 167), and 45.8% (314/686), respectively, and the difference among these groups was statistically significant (χ2=233.525, P<0.001). In addition, the levels of the six renal function indicators between CKD and non-CKD subjects also had statistically significant differences in different age groups (P<0 05="" otherwise="" roc="" curve="" analysis="" revealed="" that="" the="" diagnostic="" values="" of="" these="" indicators="" were:="" acr="" or="" pcr=""> eGFR or CysC > serum urea or SCr (AllP<0 05="" except="" that="" egfr="" cysc="" serum="" urea="" and="" scr="" in="" group="" a="" assessed="" the="" similar="" diagnostic="" performance="" among="" the="" three="" indicators="" recommended="" by="" kdigo="" guideline="" the="" diagnostic="" performances="" of="" acr="" and="" pcr="" in="" different="" age="" groups="" were:="" group="" b="" 0="" 915="" 0="" 914=""> group A (0.885, 0.890) > group C (0.841, 0.846), while the diagnostic performance of eGFR was group C (0.807) > group B (0.728) > group A (0.696). The best boundary values of ACR and PCR were lower while the value of eGFR was higher than the corresponding KDIGO recommended medical decision levels.ConclusionsACR is the first choice for screening CKD when the renal function index creatinine is normal. Moreover, eGFR can further improve the diagnostic value, especially in subjects over 65 years old.
ObjectiveTo observe and evaluate the predictive value of serum cystatin C (Cys-C) on the risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR). MethodsA non-randomized controlled cross-sectional clinical study. Ninety-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were admitted to Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2022 to October 2022 were included in the study. Among them, 50 were male, 42 cases were female, with the mean age of (58.24±12.49) years. The mean duration of T2DM was (13.18±8.35) years, of which 38 cases had a duration of ≥10 years. Twenty-nine cases complicated with hypertension, of which 16 cases had a duration of ≥10 years. Seventeen cases complicated with chronic kidney disease stage 2 and 23 cases were treated with lipid-lowering drugs. Hemoglobin Alc, serum Cys-C, serum lipids and renal function were tested, and urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated. According to the 2003 American Academy of Ophthalmology "Clinical Guidelines for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)" and international clinical DR severity grading standards, the patients were divided into STDR and non-STDR groups, with 44 and 48 cases in each group, respectively. STDR was defined as severe non-proliferative DR, proliferative DR, and macular edema. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of STDR in T2DM patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to calculate and analyze the area under ROC curve (AUC) and the predictive value of serum Cys-C and ACR in predicting STDR in T2DM patients. ResultsSerum Cys-C levels in STDR and non-STDR groups were 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) and 0.91 (0.83, 1.02) mg/L, respectively, with ACR of 4.29 (1.05, 21.89) and 1.39 (0.77, 3.80) mg/mmol, respectively. Compared with non-STDR group, serum Cys-C and ACR in STDR group were higher, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=－3.984, －3.280; P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum Cys-C was an independent risk factor for STDR (odds ratio=1.337, 95% confidence interval 1.145-2.090, P=0.033), and the risk of STDR increased by 33.7% for every 0.1 mg/L increase in serum Cys-C. ROC analysis results showed that serum Cys-C＞1.065 mg/L combined with ACR＞5.84 mg/mmol predicted the AUC of STDR in T2DM patients was 0.661, with the specificity of 95.8%. ConclusionsThe high serum Cys-C level is an independent risk factor for STDR in T2DM patients. Serum Cys-C has high predictive value for the occurrence of STDR.