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Management of Endoleak after Endovascular Exclusion for Aortic Dissection

腔内隔绝术（endovascular exclusion, EVE）最早用于治疗腹主动脉瘤，1994年Dake报道将其用于B型主动脉夹层（aortic dissection, AD）的治疗，国内自1998年开展。在EVE治疗AD的10余年历史中，内漏的预防和处理始终是一个备受关注的问题，现结合笔者的经验讨论AD术后内漏相关的问题。......

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的　总结采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床经验。 方法　2008年8月至2012年10月安庆市立医院对26例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗，男21例，女5例；年龄（52.4±10.3）岁。术后定期复查CT血管成像。 结果　所有患者支架释放全部成功，无死亡、中转开胸和截瘫。术后发现支架覆盖腹腔干及肠系膜上动脉1例，急诊行旁路移植术；多发性脑梗塞1例，轻度Ⅰ型内漏2例，未予特殊处理；股动脉狭窄3例，其中1例严重狭窄者行大隐静脉移植术，2例中度狭窄者给予保守治疗。随访22例，随访时间（23.5±15.9）个月。随访期间CT血管成像显示所有患者支架无移位，主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大，假腔血栓形成。 结论　覆膜支架腔内隔绝术创伤小、效果佳、并发症少，是治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的有效方法。

主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大动脉导管未闭

目的总结主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大动脉导管未闭（ PDA）的经验，并对其疗效进行评价。方法回顾性分析 2010年 9月至 2011年 8月青海省心脑血管病专科医院 8例 PDA患者行主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗的临床资料，其中男 5例，女 3例；年龄（30.4±9.3）岁。主动脉造影显示 PDA最窄内径为（21.0±3.0）mm；肺动脉收缩压（ 76.6±9.4）mm Hg。结果 8例患者中 7例一次性隔绝成功。术后即刻血管造影显示 6例动脉导管完全封闭， 2例残余少量左向右分流。术后 2周超声心动图及大血管 CT血管造影显示：残余分流消失，肺动脉收缩压（ 43.5±7.2）mm Hg，显著降低。术后左心室舒张期末内径较术前明显减小［（52.0±5.2） mm vs.（69.0±11.1）mm］。随访 8例，随访时间 1～ 11（7.2±1.1）个月，随访期间胸部 X线示：肺血明显减少，心胸比率明显减小。结论应用主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大 PDA是一种安全、有效的方法。

腔内隔绝术、联合血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤

摘要: 　目的　总结腔内隔绝术、联合血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床经验, 以提高其治疗效果。方法　自2002 年9 月至2006 年12 月, 共完成腔内隔绝术或联合血管旁路移植术8 例。对4 例近端支架固定区lt; 15mm的患者于腔内隔绝术前行椎动脉2左颈总动脉端侧吻合术1 例, 应用8mm 人工血管行左锁骨下动脉2左颈总动脉旁路移植术2 例, 左锁骨下动脉2左颈总动脉2右颈总动脉旁路移植术1 例, 手术后8～ 10d, 行腔内隔绝手术。4 例破口距左锁骨下动脉开口gt; 15mm 的患者直接行腔内隔绝手术。　结果　行血管旁路移植的4 例患者术后恢复良好, 术后8～ 10d行腔内隔绝手术, 8 例患者腔内隔绝手术操作顺利, 隔绝术后3～ 8d 出院, 无住院死亡。出院前增强CT 扫描无内漏发生。随访4 例, 随访时间2～ 48 个月, 其中1 例患者长期胸痛, 经对症处理胸痛缓解; 4 例患者夹层内血栓机化良好, 无内漏出现或夹层剥离的现象发生。　结论　腔内隔绝手术是一种创伤小、恢复快、疗效好的治疗方法, 腔内隔绝术联合血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤, 扩大了腔内隔绝术的手术适应证。

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层--116例临床分析

目的 探讨腔内隔绝术(EVGE)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景. 方法 对自1998年9月至2001年12月间施行的116例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤EVGE进行了回顾性研究.术前CT血管造影(CTA)或磁共振血管造影(MRA)显示:夹层动脉瘤最大直径平均66.2±18.1mm,72例患者表现为单一夹层裂口,44例表现为多裂口.经股动脉或髂动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口,手术在数字剪影血管造影(DSA)监视下完成. 结果 术中移植物成功释放115例,72例单一夹层裂口患者中62例使用单一移植物,8例使用2个移植物,2例使用3个移植物,6例手术结束时残存I型内漏;44例多夹层裂口者,18例使用2个移植物同时封闭不同部位夹层裂口,26例远端夹层裂口旷置,1例中转开胸手术.平均随访时间15.4±11.2个月,围手术期死亡6例,其余病例术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等严重并发症;术后11个月猝死1例,2例分别于术后14个月和24个月再发Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层而行Bentall手术,其余患者未出现与夹层及手术相关的并发症. 结论 EVGE治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小、恢复快的新方法,短期的随访结果表明该技术安全、有效.内漏是该方法的主要并发症,并可能导致术后患者死亡,远期疗效有待继续随访.

VASCULAR BYPASS GRAFTING COMBINED WITH ENDOVASCULAR AORTIC REPAIR FOR TREATMENT OFAORTIC DILATATION DISEASE

Objective To summarize the cl inical experience of vascular bypass grafting combined with endovascularaortic repair (EVAR) for aortic dilatation disease. Methods Between January 2008 and August 2011, 12 patients with aorticdilatation disease were treated with vascular bypass grafting combined with EVAR. Of 12 patients, 11 were male and 1 wasfemale, aged 47-81 years (mean, 65.9 years). All cases were diagnosed through computed tomography angiography (CTA),including 1 case of Stanford type A dissection, 5 cases of Stanford type B dissection, 4 cases of aortic arch aneurysm, and 2 casesof abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eight patients received neck artery bypass grafting before EVAR, and 4 patients underwentfemoral artery bypass grafting after EVAR. Results After operation, pulmonary infection occurred in 3 patients, renalinsufficiency in 2 patients, cerebral infarction in 1 case, decreased hemoglobin and platelets in 7 cases, and poor healing of groinwound in 1 case. Eleven patients were followed up 3-42 months, with an average of 18.6 months. In 1 case undergoing EVARof the thoracic and abdominal aorta, EVAR was performed again because new aneurysms formed at 6 months after operation,and the patient achieved good recovery after 3 months. CTA showed reduced false lumen, thrombosis formation, no endoleak,no deformation or displacement of stent, and anastomotic patency of artificial blood vessels in the other patients at 3, 6, and12 months after operation. Conclusion Vascular bypass grafting combined with EVAR can expand the indications forendovascular repair. It not only provides sufficient anchoring area, but also ensures the blood supply to vital organs, simplifiesthe surgical procedure, and reduces the difficulty of endovascular treatment.

COMPARISON OF ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR AND OPEN REPAIR FOR RUPTURED ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM

Objective To compare the effectiveness between conventional open repair (OR) and endovascular repair (EVRAR) for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods Between March 2000 and July 2011, 48 cases of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were treated by conventional OR in 40 cases (OR group) or by EVRAR in 8 cases (EVRAR group). There was no significant difference in age, sex, the neck length (less than 2 cm), the neck angulation of aneurysm (more than60°), il iac severe tortuosity, preoperative systol ic pressure, and preoperative comorbidity between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The blood transfusion volume, operation time, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, postoperative complications, reinterventions, and mortality were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in 24-hour and 30-day mortality rates and non graft-related complications between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). EVRAR group was significantly better than OR group in blood transfusion volume, operation time, and ICU stay (P lt; 0.05), but OR group was significantly better than EVRAR group in reinterventions and graftrelated complications (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion EVRAR has obvious advantages in blood transfusion volume, operation time, and ICU stay, so it is feasible for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with precise anatomical suitability.

主动脉弓部夹层动脉瘤手术治疗

目的 总结通过人工血管旁路术延长锚定距离后，腔内隔绝术（endovascular graft exclusion，EVGE）治疗主动脉弓部夹层动脉瘤的疗效。 方法 2005 年9 月－ 2007 年9 月，采用血管旁路术后二期行EVGE 治疗主动脉弓部夹层动脉瘤10 例。男9 例，女1 例；年龄33 ～ 55 岁，平均38 岁。合并高血压病8 例，尿毒症1 例。DSA 示近端破口位于左颈总动脉与左锁骨下动脉之间4 例；破口距左锁骨下动脉开口lt; 1.5 cm 且左椎动脉为优势动脉6 例，合并无名动脉瘤1 例，升主动脉及主动脉弓部壁内血肿1 例。 结果 除1 例患者由于真腔闭塞未能行EVGE 治疗外，9 例均顺利完成EVGE 治疗。术后即刻造影示Ⅰ型内漏、Ⅱ型内漏（左锁骨下动脉未结扎所致）各1 例，分别于治疗后1、3 个月经计算机X 线断层扫描血管造影术证实内漏消失。8 例破口封堵良好，1 例并发降主动脉周围血肿而失访。8 例获随访，随访时间12 ～ 36 个月，降主动脉假腔内血栓形成。 结论 人工血管旁路术延长锚定距离，不仅可扩大EVGE 的适应证，还能降低Ⅰ型内漏。

Clinical Analysis on Perioperative Death of Endovascular Repair for Acute Aortic Dissection

Objective　To analyze the reasons for the perioperative death of endovascular repair of acute aortic dissection （AD）. Methods　The clinical data of 176 patients with acute AD and received endovascular repair from July 2001 to October 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results　Among 176 patients with acute AD， 8 patients died during perioperatively， received endovascular repair in 1-5 days after admission （mean 2.4 d）， and all of them admitted before 2008. Two cases were type A and 6 cases were type B. All cases with hypertension and 3 cases with pleural effusion. Three cases died on the day of operation， among them 2 cases occurred in 1 h after operation， the other 1 case occurred in 2 h after operation. Four cases died in 2 days after operation and 1 case died in 4 days after operation. Four cases died of rupture of the aortic dissection， 2 cases died of cerebral infarction， 1 case died of multiple organ failure， and 1 case died of gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusion　To avoid performing endovascular repair during the acute phase and improving operation skills may help to avoid the occurrence of perioperative death.

创伤性主动脉夹层并发肾功能衰竭一例