Objective To observe the interferon-gamma; (IFN-gamma;), interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels of Th1 cytokine and IL-4、IL-10 levels of Th2 cytokine in serum and culture supernatants of splenic cells of the rats in the prevention of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis（EAU）by oral tolerance. Methods 72 Lewis rats were randomly divided into EAU group，oral tolerance group (which including 10 mu;g、100 mu;g、1 mg、10 mg of S antigen group respectively) and control group，12 rats in each group. The animal model of EAU was induced by immunization with S antigen（50 mu;g）and Freundrsquo;s complete adjuvant. Oral tolerance 10 mu;g、100 mu;g、1 mg and 10 mg group were fed with 1 ml mixture of 10 mu;g、100 mu;g、1 mg、10 mg S antigen and 1 mg trypsin inhibitor respectively by intubation，once the other day，totally 7 times，and then induced EAU according to above methods；control group was fed with 1 ml mixture of phosphate buffered saline and 1 mg trypsin inhibitor，once the other day，totally 7 times，and then induced EAU. The clinical manifestation of EAU in the eye were recorded,the eyeballs were enucleated at the peak of EAU，followed by pathological grading. Meanwhile the serum was colleced; splentic cells were separated and cultured to collect the supernatant. Cytokine levels of IFN-gamma;, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in serum, cultured supernatant of splenic cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with EAU and control group, the levels of IFN-gamma; and IL-2 (Th1 cytokine) in the serum in 100 mu;g and 1 mg group were decreased while the levels of IL4 and IL10 (Th2 cytokine) were increased，the differences were statistically significant（F=51.9, 68.8, 35.7,7.5,P＜0.01). Compared the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum in 10 mu;g, 10 mg group with EAU and control group, the differences were not statistically significant. In 100 mu;g、1 mg group, the levels of IFN-gamma; and IL-2 (Th1 cytokine) in the culture supernatant of splenic cells were decreased while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine) were increased, compared with EAU and control group, the differences were statistically significant（F=57.1,15.6,33.1,167.7, P＜0.01）. Compared the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine in the culture supernatant of splenic cells in 10 mu;g、10 mg groups with EAU and control group, the difference are not statistically significant. Conclusions In the process to prevent EAU by oral intake, the levels of IFN-gamma; and IL-2 (Th1 cytokine ) were decrease while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine). Oral administration with too high or low dose of the antigen can not prevent EAU as well as the cytokine levels do not change obviously. Cytokines has played an important role in the prevention of EAU.
Objective To observe the efficacy of the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha; monoclonal antibody (TNF-alpha; MCAb) in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Methods EAU animal models were induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) R16 peptide with immunization. The rats were divided into 2 groups according to the injection times. TNF-alpha; MCAb was administered intravenously on day 6 or 4, 6 and 8 post-immunization respectively, and then to observe the clinical expression by slit-lamp microscope. Meanwhile, take the rats which did not accept TNF-alpha; MCAb as control group. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were measured on day 13 post-immunization of IRBP R16; the rats were killed on day 14 post-immunization of IRBP R16, and then enucleated the eyes for histopathological examination. To detect the cytokine level of IFN-gamma;, IL-4 in serum and IFN-gamma; in aqueous humor by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on day 14 post-injection. The hyperplasia responses of antigen specific lymphocyte of draining lymph node cells were detected. Results The TNF-alpha; MCAb group had mitigated ocular inflammation and decreased pathological grades compared with the control group; the IFN-gamma; concentrations in aqueous humor and serum were decreased, IL-4 was increased in serum; DTH responses were decreased; the hyperplasia responses of draining lymphocytes to IRBP R16 peptide were decreased, all the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01). The rats accepted TNF-alpha; MCAb thrice had much better curative effect than the rats injected once (P＜0.05). Conclusions Injection of TNF-alpha; MCAb can inhibit ocular inflammation and specific immune cells of EAU remarkably and change the Th1/Th2 balance. Many times injections of TNF-alpha; MCAb were more effective than once.
Objective To observe the expression and investigate the significance of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods 100 Lewis rats were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) to induce EAU animal model, and they were divided into control group and treatment group randomly. The treatment group was administered cyclosporine A 20mg/（kgmiddot;d）after 1 to 28 days of immunization; the control group received saline buffer at equal quantity. All eyes were evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy before and after 7, 14, 21, 28 days of immunization; IL-4，IL-12，IFN-gamma; in the serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); the SOCS mRNA and protein level in PBMC were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and western blot. Results The inflammation was most obvious at 14 days after immunization. The control group showed obvious iridocyclitis; the treatment group showed mild anterior chamber inflammation but no posterior synechia and hypopyon. The highest level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma; were observed at 14 days after immunization, followed by decline to the baseline at 28 days after immunization in control group; the highest level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma; were found at 14 days after immunization in treatment group, but the level was lower than control group obviously. Compared with the level before immunization, there are no differences at other time-point. The concentration of IL-4 decreased indistinctly in control group but increased in treatment group. SOCS1、Both of SOCS1 and SOCS5 increased to the highest level at 14 days after immunization, as 4.05 and 383 times of preimmunization in control group respectively, as 1.15 and 1.16 times in treatment group respectively. The CIS and SOCS3 mRNA increased lightly in two groups and treatment group milder than control group. Marked increased expression of SOCS1 and SOCS5 protein was detected at 7, 14, 21days than preimmunization, both of CIS and SOCS3 protein were significantly increased on 14, 21 days in control group; only SOCS1 protein was significantly increased on 14 days in treatment group and there are no differences at other time-point compared to pre-immunization. Conclusion Up-regulation of SOCS1 and SOCS5 expression maybe related to intensive response of Th1 in the development of EAU. Mild up-regulation of CIS and SOCS3 maybe associated with intensive response of Th2 which against the reaction of Th1 to carry out the dynamic immune balance.
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Methods EAU was induced in 24 Lewis rats (immune group) by immunization with retinal S-antigen (50 mu;g) and complete Freundprime;s adjuvant, and another 4 rats were in the control group. Anterior segment of the ratsprime; eyes were observed by split microscope every day. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using polyclonal antibodies to ICOS on the sections of the spleen which were obtained from the rats in immune group at the 7th, 12th, 15th and 21st days after immunisation respectively. Western blotting was performed to investigate the dynamic expression of ICOS protein in the spleen. The same procedures were made at the corresponding time points in the rats in control group. Results A few ICOS positive cells were observed in the normal spleen. The number of ICOS positive cells in immune group increased obviously at the 7th and 12th days after immunization, reached the peak at the 15th day, and decreased at the 21st day which was still higher than that in the control group. The result of Western blotting showed that the dynamic changes of ICOS protein was identical with the changes of positive-cell number detected by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions The enhanced expression of ICOS happens before EAU occurs, which increases when the inflammation occurs and deteriorates, and decreases at the alleviative stage of EAU. It suggests that ICOS participates in the formation, development and disappearance of EAU and plays an important role in the incidence of EAU. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:114-117)
Objective To investigate the cellular phenotype involved in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and apoptosis of infiltrating cells in this inflammation． Methods Immunohistochemical staining and in situ apoptosis staining were performed using monoclonal antibodies to monocytes and macrophages (EDI),MHC calss -II antigen (OX6),T lymphocytes (R73) and TACS 1 Klenow kit on both ocular sections and wholemounts of 16 Lewis rats after immunization with interphotoreceptor retinod-binding protein(IRBP). Results EAU was induced in 12 of 16 Lewis rats with a clinical inflammation score being 1.29plusmn;0 .7.Influx of monocytes,lymphocytes and MHC class II+ cells into the uvea and retina was noted after immunization with IRBP.Apoptosis of infiltrating cells was observed in the uvea and retina and more apoptotic cells were present in the iris and ciliary body compared with the choroid and retina. Conclusion A number of cells including monocytes,macrophages,lymphocytes and MHC class II+ cells are involved in EAU induced by IRBP.Apoptosis of infiltrating cells occurs at early stage of EAU,which may greatly contribute to the rapid regression of the inflammation induced by IRBP. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：1-70)
Objective To probe the association between HLA-B27 subtype and acute anterior uveitis(AAU). Methods The HLA-B27 gene of 49 AAu patients were inspected by means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and the B27 subtypes of AAU patients were analyzed by means of DNA sequencing and simulated nucleotide hybridization in computer. Results Twenty-nine(59.39%)of 49 AAU patients were B27 positive, and among them 13 (44.00%)were B2704 and 16(56.00%)B27052 in subtypes．No statistically significant difference in most clinical features were found between the patients with B2704 and B27052.In B27 pasitive patients,8 (seven is B27052 and one is B2704) of them were complicatde with ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Conclusions The AAU patients with either B2704 or B27052 have similar clinical feature.The B27052 gene may be an important factor for complicated AS in AAU patients. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 139-142)
Purpose To investigate whether experimental autoimmune uveitis can be induced equally in different rats by urea soluble fraction of bovine melanin-associated antigen(USF-BMAA),and,if so,difference among them. Methods Lewis rats,F344 rats,Wistar rats were immunized with USF-BMAA emulsified with complete Freud is adijuvant and Bordelella pertussis to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis.The animal models were investigated clinically and histopathologically and compared with each other. Rusults Experimental autoimmune uveitis could be induced in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats with US-BMAA.Clinical and histopathalogical examination showed that bilateral ocular inflammation developed after immunization 9-13 days.Although inflammation was mainly located in anterior uvea,a mild focal choroiditis was noted in those with severe anterior inflammation.No inflammation was observed in the retina and pineal gland.Experimental autoimmune uveieis induced with USF-BMAA was similar to experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis incited with BMAA presented by other authors.Inflammation induced with USF-BMAA in F344 rats and in Lewis rats was quite similar in the severity and course of the model.But the inflammation was less in Wistar rats compared with that in Lewis rats and F344 rats. Conclusion Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis was successfully induced with USF-BMAA in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats.The difference with regard to the severity among these aminals were propably attributed to their genetic bankground. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:149-152)