ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and total urogenital mobilization in treatment of cloacal malformation. MethodsThree girls with cloacal malformation were admitted between June 2010 and June 2013. The age was 2 years, 5 months, and 4 months, respectively. All patients received previous separated sigmoid colostomy. PSARP and total urogenital mobilization were performed to correct the malformation. Colostomy stoma was closed after confirming the patent of rectum and anus. Dilation of anus was sustained for 6 months after anorectoplasty. ResultsOperations were successfully completed in 3 cases. The durations of operation were 3 hours and 40 minutes, 4 hours and 20 minutes, and 3 hours and 50 minutes; the blood loss was 10, 20, and 10 mL; and the time of colostomy stoma closure was 3, 5, and 3 months, respectively. Three cases were followed up 13, 18, and 4 months, respectively; no anal stenosis or rectal prolapse occurred. They had normal micturition; the B ultrasonic examination showed that the residual urine volume was less than 10 mL. At 12 months after anorectoplasty, the Wexner scores were 1 and 5 in 2 cases followed up 13 and 18 months; according to Krickenbeck postoperative effect, 2 cases had defecation and no constipation; 1 case had soiling (grade 1). ConclusionPSARP and total urogenital mobilization should be the first choice in treatment of cloacal malformation with common channel less than 3 cm.
目的研究p16基因甲基化在乳腺癌中的分布情况，并探讨其与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系。方法采用甲基化特异的PCR技术检测四川省肿瘤医院乳腺科2008年3～9月期间收治的38例原发性乳腺癌组织及距离肿瘤＞5 cm以远的正常乳腺组织中p16基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化频率。结果乳腺癌组织中p16基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化频率〔31.6%（12/38）〕明显高于其正常乳腺组织〔5.3%（2/38）〕，差异有统计学意义（P=0.003）。有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者中p16基因甲基化频率〔45.5%（10/22）〕高于无淋巴结转移患者〔12.5%（2/16）〕，差异有统计学意义（P=0.044）。结论p16基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化可能在乳腺癌发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。