Objective To prepare the immunonanospheres［SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS］ against human colorectal cancer and evaluate its immunoreactivity and effects on cancer. Methods SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS was prepared by intermolecular cross-linking the monoclonal antibody SC3Ab with human serum albumin nanospheres containing 5-Fu ［HAS(5-Fu)-NS］ via new hetero-bifunctional crosslinker SPDP. Condensation test and immunoflurecence were used to evaluate the immunoreactivity, the specific binding of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS with colorectal cancer cell line SW1116 was observed by microscope and electron microscope. The specific cytotoxic effects on target cells were evaluated in vitro by MTT assay. SC3AbHSA(5-Fu)-NS, HSA(5-Fu)-NS and 5-Fu were injected into nude mice bearing human colorectal carcinoma, to study the inhibitory activity of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS in vivo. Results The immunoreactivity of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS was well preserved. SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS can bind the SW1116 cells specifically. The IC50 value for SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS on SW1116 cells was 24.6 μg/ml,which was lower than that of HSA(5-Fu)-NS(345.3 μg/ml) and 5-Fu(325.6 μg/ml). The inhibitory rate of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS on the growth of colorectal cancer xenografts was significantly higher than that of HSA(5-Fu)-NS or 5-Fu(P＜0.001).Conclusion SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS has immunoreactivity and specific active targeting to the colorectal cancer cells. The anticancer ability of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS is significantly higher than that of HSA(5-Fu)-NS and 5-Fu.
Objective To investigate the effect of ultra-filtration on reducing the matrix effects of the immersionof recombination human acellular dermal matrix (rhADM) on detecting residual bovine serum albumin (BSA) by ELISA.Methods Preparation of rhADM immersion: rhADM were rinsed, and then rhADM immersion were prepared. Physiologicalsal ine was used as immersion medium. Presaturation and ultra-filtration: marked the ultra-filtration tubes as PR1 (presaturation protocol 1), PR2 (presaturation protocol 2) and rhADM, respectively, added 2 mL of 1 mg/mL and 10 μg/mL BSA solution into PR1 and PR2 respectively, and added 2 mL of rhADM immersion into rhADM tubes (rhADM1 and rhADM2). The tubes were then centrifuged at 1 500 × g for 20 minutes. The above steps were repeated for 3 times. Take the inner-tube of ultrafiltration into unused centrifuge tube. Added 4 mL of 10 μg/mL BSA solution in PR1 and PR2 tubes, 4 mL of rhADM immersion in rhADM tubes, centrifuged at 1 500 × g for 20 minutes, and then the filtration was colleted. Detecting BSA concentration: the BSA concentrations of all samples were detected by using the quantitative measure of residual BSA ELISA kit. The recoveries of 10 μg/ mL BSA solution treated by presaturation protocol 1 and 2 were calculated (untreated 10 μg/mL BSA solution was as the basic sample, marked R10 and R20 respectively). The correlation coefficient between the logarithm of the filtrate dilution and the absorbance (A) value was calculated and compared with that of water exact without ultra-filtration. Results The BSA concentration of PR1 and R10 was (23.80 ± 1.58) μg/ mL and (9.04 ± 0.24) μg/mL, respectively. The BSA concentration of PR2 and R20 was (8.64 ± 0.24) μg/mL and (8.12 ± 1.01) μg/ mL, respectively. The average recovery of 10 μg/mL BSA was 263.4% ± 16.9% and 106.5% ± 3.0% when the ultra-filtration tubes were presaturaed by PR1 and PR2 (P lt; 0.01), respectively. The BSA recovery of PR2 met the detecting demand. The correlations between A value and sample dilution were increased, the correlationcoefficient was raised from — 0.727 to — 0.960 after rhADM immersion were treated by ultra-filtration. Conclusion Theresults show that the matrix effects can be reduced effectively by ultra-filtration, indicating that an acceptable recovery of BSA can be acquired when ultra-filtration tube is presaturated by sample water extract.
【摘要】 目的 探索持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者年龄与营养状况的关系，为营养教育提供指导。 方法 对2007年8月-2010年1月腹膜透析177例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，包括血红蛋白（HGB）、血清白蛋白（ALB）、年龄、体重指数（BMI）、腹膜平衡试验（PET）、尿素清除指数（Kt/V）、24 h尿蛋白、腹透液漏出蛋白、标准化每日蛋白质分解率（nPCR）等，分析年龄与营养状况的关系。 结果 老年组（≥60岁）和中青年组（lt;60岁）ALB分别为（31.54±5.91）、（33.24±4.75）g/L，老年组ALB较低（Plt;0.05）；老年组Kt/V值1.95±0.63和HGB水平（95.25±22.89） g/L均高于青年组（Plt;0.05）。两组患者营养不良与BMI、PET、每日蛋白漏出总量、nPCR无关。 结论 CAPD老年患者（≥60岁）更容易发生营养不良，且老年组低蛋白血症与透析充分性无明显关系。故应加强老年CAPD患者的饮食营养管理指导，设计合理的饮食。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the relationship between age and nutrition status of the patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and provide instructions for nutrition education. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 177 patients having undergone CAPD in the Department of Nephrology of West China Hospital between April 2007 and January 2010. Clinical parameters collected included hemoglobin (HGB), serum albumin (ALB), age, body mass index (BMI), results of the peritoneal equilibrium test (PET), urea clearance index (Kt/V), 24-hour urinary protein, protein loss in the peritoneal dialysate, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR). Relationship between age and nutrition status in these patients were analyzed. Results Plasma albumin was (31.54±5.91) g/L and (33.24±4.75) g/L respectively in patients of or older than 60 years old (the elderly group) and in patients younger than 60 years old (the younger group). Compared with the younger group, patients in the elderly group had lower ALB (Plt;0.05), but higher Kt/V 1.95±0.63 and hemoglobin level (95.25±22.89) g/L (Plt;0.05). In addition, malnutrition in both groups was not associated with BMI, PET results, daily protein loss in the peritoneal dialysate or nPCR. Conclusions Patients of or older than 60 years old undergoing CAPD are more likely to develop malnutrition, indicating that hypoalbuminemia is not associated with dialysis inadequacy. We advocate enhancing diet nutrition education in elderly CAPD patients and providing them with balanced diet regime.
【摘要】 目的 比较不同给养途径在重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）中的临床效果。 方法 选择2008年1月-2009年4月收治的49例SAP患者，随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组25例采用肠内营养，对照组24例采用全胃肠外营养，比较两组的临床效果。 结果 两组的并发症发生率、感染率和病死率差异均无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）；治疗后两组患者的血清白蛋白水平和前白蛋白水平均升高，以观察组升高更明显，组间差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。 结论 肠内营养应用于SAP患者临床效果满意，值得关注。【Abstract】 Objective To compare the clinical effects of different rations pathway in severe acute pancreatitis. Methods From January 2008 to April 2009, 49 patients of severe acute pancreatitis were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the observation group (25 patiens) adopted by enteral nutrition, the control group (24 patiens) adopted by total parenteral nutrition, the clinical effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The differences in the incidence of complications, infection rates and case fatality rates were not statistically significant (Pgt;0.05). The serum albumin level and prealbumin level of patients in both groups after treatment were significantly increased. Those in the observation group increased more obviously, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Enteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis has satisfactory clinical effects.
Objective To investigate whether recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) can replace traditional B27 as a basic medium for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into cardiomyocytes. Methods hPSCs were seeded at a cell density of 1.2×104/cm2; until up to 75% confluency hPSCs were induced by differentiation medium containing various concentration of rHSA (0, 50, 100, 200 g/L). Light microscope and fluorescence microscope recorded the whole process of stem cells differentiating into myocardium. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cardiac differentiation efficiency at different concentrations of rHSA. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the cardiac specific protein α-actinin and troponin T (cTnT) and electron microscope to observe the ultrastructure of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) and beating rates of hPSC-CMs response to drugs. Results A large number of spontaneous beating cardiomyocytes were observed 9 days after induction and differentition. The percentage of colonies showing beating cardiomyocytes was 60.4% at the concentration of 200 g/L of rice derived-rHSA. Beating cardiomyocytes were α-actinin and cTnT positive. Ultrastructural analysis showed scattered sarcomeres and mitochondrial. hPSC-CMs were dose-dependent on isopropyl adrenaline and verapamil. Conclusion Using such simple media to differentiate hPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes is cost-effective and highly efficient, and can be used in the clinical research.
Objective To investigate the risk factors of high peritoneal transport characteristics in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing initial continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Method The clinical data of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients who underwent initial peritoneal dialysis and catheterization in the Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2011 to December 2017 and completed the peritoneal equilibration test were collected retrospectively. According to the ratio of dialysate to plasma ratio for creatinine at 4 hour [D/Pcr (4h)] in the standard peritoneal equilibration test, the patients were divided into 4 groups (low transport, low average transport, high average transport and high transport). Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the related factors of D/Pcr (4h). The risk factors of high peritoneal transport characteristics were analyzed by ordered multi classification logistic regression. Results A total of 647 patients were included. The average age of the patients was (45.85±14.03) years, and the average D/Pcr (4h) was 0.67±0.12. Among them, there were 89 cases (13.76%) in the high transport group, 280 cases (43.28%) in the high average transport group, 234 cases (36.17%) in the low average transport group and 44 cases (6.80%) in the low transport group. Diabetic patients with D/Pcr (4h) were higher than those without diabetes mellitus (0.72±0.12 vs. 0.66±0.12; t=−4.005, P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that age and 24-h urine volume were positively correlated with D/Pcr (4h); serum albumin, triglyceride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, hemoglobin, serum uric acid and creatinine were negatively correlated with D/Pcr (4h); body surface area (BSA), high sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, cholesterol, sodium, intact parathyroid hormone and estimated giomerular filtration rate had no correlation with D/Pcr (4h). Regression analysis showed that serum albumin [odds ratio (OR)=0.842, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.809, 0.877), P<0.001], serum uric acid [OR=0.996, 95%CI (0.994, 0.998), P<0.001], magnesium [OR=0.389, 95%CI (0.156, 0.965), P=0.042], BSA [OR=3.916, 95%CI (1.121, 13.680), P=0.032] were correlated with the incidence of peritoneal high transport characteristics. Conclusion Low serum albumin, high BSA, low magnesium and low serum uric acid were independent risk factors for high transport characteristics in initial PD patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic value of preoperative serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the overall survival (OS) of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to establish an individualized nomogram model and evaluate its efficacy, in order to provide a possible evaluation basis for the clinical treatment and postoperative follow-up of ESCC patients. MethodsAGR, NLR, clinicopathological and follow-up data of ESCC patients diagnosed via pathology in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2010 to 2017 were collected. The correlation between NLR/AGR and clinicopathological data were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. The optimal cut-off values of AGR and NLR were determined by X-tile software, and the patients were accordingly divided into a high-level group and a low-level group. At the same time, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors affecting OS in the ESCC patients, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and internally verified. The diagnostic efficacy of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve, and the clinical application value was evaluated by decision curve analysis. ResultsA total of 150 patients were included in this study, including 105 males and 45 females with a mean age of 62.3±9.3 years, and the follow-up time was 1-5 years. The 5-year OS rate of patients in the high-level AGR group was significantly higher than that in the low-level group (χ2=6.339, P=0.012), and the median OS of the two groups was 25 months and 12.5 months, respectively. The 5-year OS rate of patients in the high-level NLR group was significantly lower than that in the low-level NLR group (χ2=5.603, P=0.018), and the median OS of the two groups was 18 months and 39 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that AGR, NLR, T stage, lymph node metastasis, N stage, and differentiation were independent risk factors for the OS of ESCC patients. The C-index of the nomogram model was 0.689 [95%CI (0.640, 0.740)] after internal validation. The area under the ROC curve of predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rate was 0.773, 0.724 and 0.725, respectively. At the same time, the calibration curve and the decision curve suggest that the model had certain efficacy in predicting survival and prognosis. ConclusionPreoperative AGR and NLR are independent risk factors for ESCC patients. High level of AGR and low level of NLR may be associated with longer OS in the patients; the nomogram model based on AGR, NLR and clinicopathological features may be used as a method to predict the survival and prognosis of ESCC patients, which is expected to provide a reference for the development of personalized treatment for patients.
Understanding the mass transfer behaviors in hollow fiber membrane module of artificial liver is important for improving toxin removal efficiency. A three-dimensional numerical model was established to study the mass transfer of small molecule bilirubin and macromolecule bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the hollow fiber membrane module. Effects of tube-side flow rate, shell-side flow rate, and hollow fiber length on the mass transfer of bilirubin and BSA were discussed. The simulation results showed that the clearance of bilirubin was significantly affected by both convective and diffusive solute transport, while the clearance of macromolecule BSA was dominated by convective solute transport. The clearance rates of bilirubin and BSA increasd with the increase of tube-side flow rate and hollow fiber length. With the increase of shell-side flow rate, the clearance rate of bilirubin first rose rapidly, then slowly rose to an asymptotic value, while the clearance rate of BSA gradually decreased. The results can provide help for designing structures of hollow fiber membrane module and operation parameters of clinical treatment.