Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a serious retinal vascular disease, often accompanied by systemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the eye changes include macular edema, retinal ischemia, and even neovascularization, etc. As a common chronic disease of the fundus, it seriously affects patients' vision and quality of life. With the development of optical coherence tomography, the role of choroid in the occurrence and development of RVO has become a research hotspot. The research on the changes of the choroid layer of the eye with RVO has expanded from a simple two-dimensional thickness analysis to a more comprehensive multidimensional observation index such as three-dimensional volume, blood flow density and velocity. In addition, some cutting-edge research combines artificial intelligence algorithm techniques to improve the accuracy and depth of analysis. In the future, it is still necessary to further improve the data of the choroid layer of the eye with RVO, enhance the overall understanding of RVO, and provide new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of RVO.
Objective To investigate the changes of ocular hemodynamics in patients with retinal vein occlussion(RVO)． Methods The hemodynamic parameters(PSV,EDV,PI,Vmax)of central retinal artery(CRA)and central retinal vein(CRV)were measured in the involved eyes(n=48) with RVO and the contralateral clinically healthy eyes(n=39) and in the control eyes(n=40) by color Doppler imaging (CDI)(ATLHDI3000). Results Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were significantly lower in the CRA of involved eyes and clinically healthy eyes of patients with RVO compared with control eyes,and pulsatility index(PI)was significantly higher in the CRA of involved eyes of patients with RVO compared with control eyes．PSV were significantly lower in the CRA of involved eyes of patients with RVO compared with their clinically healthy eyes．Pulsatility index(PI)was significantly higher in the CRA of involved eyes of patients with RVO compared with their clinically healthy eyes．Maximun vein velocity (Vmax) was significantly lower in the CRV of involved eyes and clinically healthy eyes of patients with RVO compared with control eyes． Conclusion The changes of hemodynamics in CRA,CRV of involved eyes of patients with RVO may invade their clinically healthy eyes．CDI may be helpful to early diagnosis for RVO． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:111-113)
PURPOSE:To evaluated the luminal characteristics of the elderly central retinal vessels in the anterior optic nerves. METHODS:Serial sections of 15 central retinal arteries(CRA)and 23 central retinal veins (CRA)of 18 eyes of the aged 60 to 82 years old without anatomic malformation were examined by image analysis to investigate their luminal dimensional differences at the sites of lamina cribrosa and just anterior and posterior to it. RESULTS:The average values of the mean area of the CRA in the prelaminar,laminar,retrolaminar portions were separately(12.70,17.40,18.00)times;10-3mm2 and the mean perimetric length 0.56,0.56,0.57mm.No significant difference was detected in these three sites.The average values of the mean area of the CRV were respectively(7.00,5.40,7.90)）times;10-3mm2 and the mean perimetric length 0.44,0.38,0.41mm.There were marked differences between the prelaminar value and the laminar one,and between the laminar value and retrolaminar one by comparison. CONCLUSION:The CRA has a uniform radius from prelaminar to retrolaminar positions,and tube radius of the CRV at the level of the lamina cribrosa is the least. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 213-214 ）
Full thickness macular hole (FTMH) is a rare complication of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). These have different characteristics, and may associate with complications of RVO, such as cystoid macular edema and epiretinal membrane, and treatments like intravitreal injection. Although anatomical closure is often obtained with vitrectomy and inner limiting membrane peeling, visual improvement is often variable. Regularly follow-up, medical examination, and vitrectomy can improve the outcomes of patients. In the future, randomized controlled clinical trials with larger sample size are still needed to further explore the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and treatment methods of FTMH after RVO, so as to improve the clinical prognosis of these patients.
Objective To analyze the risk factors of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (PVH) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods A retrospective case-control study. A total of 195 RVO patients (195 eyes) with VH were first treated with PPV from November 2015 to December 2021 were included in this study. There were 102 males (102 eyes) and 93 females (93 eyes), with an age of (62.93±9.78) years. The patients were divided into PVH group (17 patients, 8.72%) and non-PVH group (178 patients, 91.28%) according to the occurrence of PVH. The time of occurrence of PVH was (140.33±130.85) days after PPV. All eyes were performed 23G or 25G systematic PPV by the same doctor. During the operation, different types of intraocular tamponade and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor or triamcinolone acetonide after operation were selected according to the severity of retinopathy. The follow-up time was (9.45±6.68) months. The baseline systemic parameters, ocular parameters and intraoperative parameters affecting the occurrence of PVH were analyzed. Baseline systemic parameters included sex, age, diabetes mellitus and hypertension; ocular parameters included RVO type, lens status, VH course, preoperative best corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure; intraoperative parameters included cataract phacoemulsification, removal of internal limiting membrane, type of intraocular tamponade, type of intravitreal injection drug at the end of operation, etc. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to analyze the risk factors of PVH after PPV in RVO with VH patients. Results In PVH group, the number of patients with diabetes was more than that in the non-PVH group, and the course of diabetes was longer, and differences were statistically significant. There were significant differences in RVO type, lens status and type of intraocular tamponade. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the combination with diabetes [odds ratio (OR)=2.724, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.006-7.374, P=0.049], duration of diabetes (OR=1.071, 95%CI 1.013-1.134, P=0.016), central retinal vein occlusion (OR=4.387, 95%CI 1.421-13.546, P=0.010), intraocular lens (OR=3.493, 95%CI 1.229-9.925, P=0.019), and intraocular gas tamponade (OR=3.640, 95%CI 1.365-9.702, P=0.010) were associated with PVH. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that intraocular gas tamponade was independent risk factor for PVH. Conclusion Intraocular gas tamponade can increase the risk of PVH after PPV in patients with VH secondary to RVO.
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most important retinal vascular diseases in China that leads to severe loss of vision. In recent years, the emergence of various emerging imaging technologies and new drugs has not only deepened our understanding of the natural course of this disease, but also significantly changed the traditional treatment mode of retinal laser photocoagulation as the gold standard, thereby significantly improved the visual prognosis. However, currently in various regions and levels of hospitals in China, the diagnosis and treatment of RVO still rely mainly on their own experience. The awareness and knowledge of RVO among ophthalmologists in various regions still need to be improved. A standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment pathway is needed in order to meet the needs of most RVO patients. Led by the Fundus Disease Group of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Fundus Disease Professional Committee of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, based on the existing evidence-based evidence at home and abroad, and following the principles of consensus formulation, Expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment path of retinal vein occlusion in China has been compiled. The consensus systematically and comprehensively elaborated a standardized diagnosis and treatment pathway for RVO. Interpreting the key points in this consensus is helpful to highlight the core ideas, and improve the utilization of this consensus by ophthalmologists from all levels of hospitals.
PURPOSE:To probe the dosage and effect of lasers in panretinal photocoagulation. METHODS:Three kinds of ocular diseases,e, g., neovascular glaucoma(NVG)in 52 eyes ,central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)in 47 eyes ,and preproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathies(PDR)in 231 eyes ,treated with krypton red and argon blue green laser panretinal photocoagulation in ocular clinic of our hospital,were analysed clinically and retropectively. RESULTS:The effetive average numbers of laser burns in panretinal photocoagulation in this series after clinical analysis statistically were found to be 1 500 in NVG,and 1 000 in PDR and CRVO respectively. CONCLUSION:To select the proper laser,its wave length,therapeutic position and volume of laser burns in accordance with the specific circumstances of various retinopthies is of extreme importance in success of laser panretinal photocoagulation. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 195-196）
The activities of tissue- type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAl) in plasm from 61 patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) were measured by using chromatogenous substrate s-2390 assay.The results showed that the t-PA activity in the patients with RVO were decreased (1.69plusmn;0. 56IU/ml, P＜0.01) and PAI activity increased (8.80plusmn;1.60AU/ml, P＜0. 01) comparing with health subjects 2.07plusmn;0.40IU/ml and 7.33plusmn;0.67AU/ml respectively. Among the patients, t-PA activity in the patients with ischemic retinopathy was more obviously decreased (1.35plusmn;0.43IU/ml, P＜0.01) and the activity of PAI was increased (9.35plusmn;1.37AU/mi) comparing with those patients suffering from nonischemic retinopathy (the activities of t-PA and PAI were 1.92 + 0.53IU/ml and 8.42plusmn;1.29AU/ml respectively, Plt;0.01). In addition, these changes were getting more obvious with the degree of severity of the disease. These results indicated that there was disorder in the balance between t-PA and PAI in patients with RVO,which my play an important role in the course of occurrence and development of RVO, especially in ischemic type. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:71-73）