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影响冠状动脉旁路移植术加心瓣膜手术患者远期预后的危险因素分析

摘要： 目的 探讨影响行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）加心瓣膜手术患者远期预后的危险因素。 方法 2003年1～10月北京阜外心血管病医院共收治冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病合并心瓣膜疾病患者68例，纳入研究66例(院内死亡2例)，男23例，女43例；年龄50～76岁(61.33±6.60岁)。行CABG+主动脉瓣手术19例，CABG+二尖瓣手术32例，CABG+双瓣膜手术15例；移植血管1.79±1.18支。先将各变量分别进行Cox风险模型单变量分析，再将所有有统计学意义的变量同时纳入Cox风险模型多变量分析。 结果 随访65例，随访时间50.65±17.98个月，随访期间死亡11例，其中死于胃癌2例，抗凝并发症脑出血1例，心源性猝死4例和心力衰竭4例。失访1例。Cox风险模型多变量分析结果显示：左心室射血分数（LVEF）≤40%（RR=5.960，P=0.010）、术前有糖尿病史（RR=7.170，P=0.004）是影响患者术后远期预后的独立危险因素。 结论 LVEF和术前有糖尿病史是影响CABG加心瓣膜手术患者远期预后的危险因素，术后严格控制血糖和提高心功能能改善患者的远期预后。

Early and Mid-term Outcomes of Morphologic Tricuspid Valve Replacement with Preservation of Entire Valvular and Subvalvular Apparatus in Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries

Abstract： Objective To investigate the early and mid-term outcomes of morphologic tricuspid valve replacement by means of intravalvular implantation in corrected transposition of great arteries（cTGA）. Methods From January 2009 to January 2012，11 patients with cTGA were surgically treated in Fu Wai Hospital. There were 9 male patients and 2 female patients with their mean of age of（37.8±11.7）years and mean body weight of（73.0±11.3）kg. All the patients underwent morphologic tricuspid valve replacement with preservation of the entire valvular and subvalvular apparatus. Simultaneous surgical procedures included repair of ventricular septal defect in 2 patients，repair of atrial septal defect in 4 patients，pulmonary valvuloplasty in 1 patient，reconstruction of functional right ventricular outflow tract in 4 patients and repair of coronary-pulmonary artery fistula in 1 patient. Postoperative New York Heart Association （NYHA） classification, cardiothoracic ratio, morphological right ventricle ejection fraction, end-diastolic dimension of morphological right ventricle and left atrium were evaluated during follow-up. Results All the 11 patients were successfully surgically treated and followed up for an average duration of（13.0±10.6）months. There was no statistical difference between postoperative and preoperative average cardiothoracic ratio （0.54±0.06 vs. 0.57±0.09，t=1.581，P＞0.05），morphologic right ventricle ejection fraction （52.8%±9.0% vs. 54.9%±9.5%, t =0.712，P＞0.05），and end-diastolic dimension of . morphological right ventricle （54.3±7.5 mm vs. 56.9±9.2 mm，t =0.988，P＞0.05）. There was statistical difference between postoperative and preoperative average end-diastolic dimension of left atrium（42.1±8.9 mm vs. 53.4±11.1 mm，t =3.286，P＜0.05）and NYHA classification（Z = -2.640，P＜0.05）. Conclusion Intravalvular implantation of morphologic tricuspid prosthesis can protect the physiological structure of morphologic right ventricular and prevent furtherdamage to its function caused by morphologic tricuspid valve insufficiency. Postoperative dimension of morphologic left atrium and cardiac function are significantly improved. The early and mid-term outcomes are satisfactory．

European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation Predicts Postoperative Complications and Prognosis of Chinese Patients Operated for Acquired Heart Valve Diseases

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the prediction validation of European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation （EuroSCORE） in prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mortality, and major postoperative complications for Chinese patients operated for acquired heart valve disease. Methods Between January 2004 and January 2006, 2 218 consecutive patients treated for acquired heart valve diseases were enrolled in Fu Wai Hospital. All these patients accepted valvular surgery. Both logistic model and additive model were applied to EuroSCORE to evaluate its ability in predicting mortality, prolonged ICU stay and major postoperative complications of patients who had undergone heart valve surgery. An receiver operating characteristic curve（ ROC) area was used to test the discrimination of the models. Calibration was assessed by HosmerLemeshow goodnessoffit statistic. Results Discriminating abilities of logistic and additive EuroSCORE algorithm were 0.710 and 0.690 respectively for mortality, 0.670 and 0.660 for prolonged ICU stay, 0.650 and 0.640 for heart failure, 0.720 and 0.710 for respiratory failure, 0.700 and 0.740 for renal failure, and 0.540 and 0.550 for reexploration for bleeding. There was significant difference between logistic and additive algorithm in predicting renal failure and heart failure (Plt;0.05). Calibration of logistic and additive algorithm in predicting mortality, prolonged ICU stay and major postoperative complications were not satisfactory. However, logistic algorithm could be used to predict postoperative respiratory failure (P=0.120). Conclusion EuroSCORE is not an accurate predictor in predicting mortality, prolonged ICU stay and major postoperative complications, but the logistic model can be used to predict postoperative respiratory failure in Chinese patients operated for acquired heart valve diseases.

心脏手术后腔静脉引流至左心房手术矫治六例

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Artery Tumor

Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical features, differential diagnosis, surgical treatment and outcome of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma. Methods Between January 1994 and December 2004, 5 patients with primary pulmonary artery sarcoma were identified at operation and treated by surgical resection. Pulmonary valve stenosis were initially diagnosed in 3 patients, and chronic pulmonary embolism were initially diagnosed in 2 patients. Tumor resection from the vascular bed was performed in 1 patient and tumor resection and homograft reconstruction of pulmonary arteries were performed in 4 patients. Results One patient died of postoperative refractory pulmonary hypertension, 2 patients died 4 months after operation because of brain metastases, 1 patient was alive for 9 months after operation with recurrent pulmonary tumor, and 1 patient was alive for 2 years after operation without clinical or radiological signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Histological examinations showed 4 malignant mesenchymomas and 1 fibrosarcoma. Conclusions Primary pulmonary artery sarcomas are rare and usually fatal tumors of the cardiovascular system. The diagnosis is difficult and this disease is frequently misdiagnosed as chronic pulmonary hromboembolism and pulmonary valve stenosis. Early diagnosis can be improved by computerized tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging. Radical surgical resection was the most effective modality for shortterm palliation. The prognosis of pulmonary artery sarcoma is poor. The survival time after resection varies from several months to several years depending on the presence of recurrence or metastasis.

先天性心脏病三尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的　为提高先天性心脏病三尖瓣关闭不全外科治疗的疗效 ,总结其外科治疗经验。　方法　 1995～2 0 0 1年 ,共收治 16例先天性心脏病三尖瓣关闭不全患者 ,三尖瓣中度反流 3例 ,重度反流 13例。行单纯 De Vega环缩术 7例 ,De Vega环缩加前叶腱束缩短、隔叶腱束转移、裂修补和前叶自体心包扩大术各 1例 ,应用三尖瓣人工瓣环 3例 ,三尖瓣置换术 2例。　结果　全组无手术死亡。随访所有患者 ,平均随访 38个月 ,1例单纯 De Vega环缩术患者于术后 4年出现中至重度三尖瓣关闭不全。　结论　先天性心脏病三尖瓣关闭不全患者的外科治疗首选三尖瓣成形术 ,De Vega成形术环缩瓣环方法简便、有效。

Surgical Treatment of Myocardial Bridge

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, operative indications, operative methods and operative effect of myocardial bridge(MB). Methods From Oct.1996 to Feb.2007, 34 cases with MB underwent MB operation in Fu Wai Hospital. There were 10 cases with isolated myocardial bridge, 4 complicated with coronary artery heart disease, 15 complicated with heart valve diseases, 3 complicated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 1 complicated with Marfan’s syndrome and 1 complicated with atrial septal defect. All the 34 cases were diagnosed definitely by coronary angiography. According to cardiac function classification（NYHA）, there were 30 cases in gradeⅡ and 4 cases in gradeⅢ. Thirtytwo cases involved left anterior descending(LAD), 1 involved posterior descending branch(PDB) and 1 involved circumflex(CX), with a length of 1-6 cm respectively. Fifteen cases underwent myotomy on myocardial bridge and 19 cases underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CAGB). Results Among cases who underwent myotomy on myocardial bridge, there was 1 intraoperative right ventricle perforation which was cured after repair. Among cases who underwent myotomy on myocardial bridge with mitral valve replacement concomitantly, there was 1 death caused by left ventricular rupture. There was no other operative complication. Thirty cases were followed up for 15-124 months. Two cases with isolated MB had angina pectoris after myotomy on myocardial bridge and were controlled by drugs. Among 30 cases with MB, 25 in NYHA gradeⅠ, 2 in gradeⅡ and 3 in gradeⅢ. Conclusion The surgical treatments of myocardial bridge include myotomy on myocardial bridge and CABG, and can be properly chosen according to the length, position of myocardial bridge, and having or not having mural coronary artery proximal atherosclerosis. Both the two treatments can obtain satisfactory clinical outcome.

Ventricular Septal Myotomymyectomy on Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy and the Treatment Strategies during Perioperative Period

Objective To summary the clinical experiences of ventricular septal myotomymyectomy on hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM) and investigate the treatment strategies during perioperative period for better clinical results. Methods From October 1996 to June 2009, 62 patients with HOCM underwent surgical treatment. There were 41 male and 21 female, aged 668 years with mean 34.05 years. The ventricular septal myotomymyectomy operation (Morrow operation or modified Morrow operation) was performed through the aortic incision under general anesthesia and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The concomitant operations included coronary artery bypass grafting (5 cases), mitral valve replacement (12 cases), mitral valve plasty(9 cases), aortic valve replacement (4 cases), tricuspid valve plasty(2 cases) and ductus arteriosus closure (2 cases). During the perioperative period, the patients were examined by echocardiography or transesophageal echocardiograph(TEE), electrocardiogram or dynamic echocardiogram and chest radiography. Left atrial diameter，left ventricular enddiastolic [CM(159mm]diameter，left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pressuregradient，interventricular septal thickness, ejection fraction[CM)](EF), the changes of mitral valve construction and function were evaluated. Results The time of CPB and aortic occlusion were 104.23±47.14 min and 66.76±36.32 min, respectively. The endotracheal intubation time was 13.23±11.76 h and the postoperative intensive care unit(ICU) stay was 42.53±37.41 h. Four patients died and the mortality was 6.45％(4/62). The main causes of death included septic shock complicated with acute renal failure(1 case), refractory arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, atrial flutter complicated with severe low cardiac output syndrome (1 case), severe acute renal failure(1 case) and Ⅲ°atrioventricular(AV) block complicated with low cardiac output syndrome(1 case). Postoperative left atrial diameter (34.56±6.45 mm vs.43.46±7.21 mm，t=6.948,P=0.000), left ventricular enddiastolic diameter (37.14±6.31 mm vs.42.03±6.23 mm，t=3.145,P=0.020), LVOT pressure gradient (23.54±17.78 mm Hg vs. 103.84±44.04 mm Hg,t=13.618,P=0.000) and interventricular septal thickness (17.12±5.67 mm vs.26.93±5.23 mm, t=10.694,P=0.000) decreased significantly compared with those before operation. There was no mitral valve regurgitation, or only mild mitral valve regurgitation. No systolic anterior motion(SAM) was found. The main postoperative arrhythmias included complete left bundle branch block, intraventricular block, complete atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation. All the 58 cases were cured and discharged. Fiftythree cases were followed up for 3 months12 years, and 5 cases were lost. No death, complication and reoperation were found. Symptoms relieved significantly. The cardiac function was in New York Heart Association grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ. The quality of life improved significantly. Conclusion Most patients with HOCM can achieve satisfactory relief of LVOT obstruction and SAM via ventricular septal myotomymyectomy. The main arrhythmias after operation are bundle branch block and atrial fibrillation. Satisfactory effects can be achieved by accurate surgical technique and effective drug treatments.

心脏直视术后回输胸腔引流血30例

目的 探讨心脏直视术后回输未经洗涤的胸腔引流血的安全性和该技术对术后胸腔引流血量及库血需要量的影响. 方法 观察60例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者,并将其分为回输组和对照组,每组30例,分别测定两组血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞计数和血小板计数. 结果 两组术后胸腔引流血差别无显著性意义,回输组患者引流血回输量为150～780 ml,平均280±155 ml ,节省库血40%.两组患者均未发生术后高热. 结论 心脏直视术后回输未经洗涤的胸腔引流血是安全、经济的,并可减少库血需要量.

心瓣膜置换术后电机械分离五例