目的:探讨恶心呕吐的病因,为临床诊断提供依据,避免漏误诊发生。方法:消化内科住院患者128例出现恶心和（或）呕吐症状,对其病因统计分析。结果:恶心呕吐常见病为反流性食管炎、巨幼贫、胆系结石、颅内占位和功能性消化不良。其它尚有十二指肠溃疡、粪石梗阻、肝功损害、肠系膜动脉缺血、急性阑尾炎、腹部术后和流行性出血热(EHF)等。乙型肝炎与十二指肠溃疡有关,急性支气管炎、白细胞减少症和溃疡性结肠炎可有恶心呕吐表现。结论:恶心呕吐常见,病因有时难以确定,尤其是慢性起病者。病因的诊断应详询病史、仔细诊查、结合诊断学有关知识及有关检查,不应圉于消化系疾病。
目的:探讨乳腺良恶性肿块二维超声图像和彩色多普勒血流状况,提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断符合率。方法:回顾性分析105例乳腺肿块的二维及彩色多普勒超声图像特点。结果:本组恶性肿块37例,超声诊断和疑诊恶性肿块32例,符合率为865%(32/37);良性肿块68例,超声诊断良性肿块58例,符合率为853%(58/68)。乳腺良恶性肿块在形态、 边界、 包膜、 内部回声、 后方回声、 沙粒样钙化、血流形态分布,血流动力学等方面具有明显差异。结论:二维及彩色多普勒超声对良恶性乳腺肿块有较高鉴别诊断价值。
Objective To verify the pattern characteristics of optical coherance tomography (OCT) images in diabetic maculopathy (DM). Methods OCT were performed in sixty cases of DM and 30 cases of normal control group,and in 54 cases of DM,fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was performed simutaneously.The results from 2 kinds of examinations were compared each other. Results The average retinal thickness at the central fovea was (314.54plusmn;154.13) mu;m in DM group.The macular edema in the cases of DM accounted to 57.1% on OCT examination. The rate of retinal swelling associated with cystoid macular edema (CME) was 38.5%,with retinal detachment (RD) 9.2%,and with both CME and RD was 16.9%Those with mormal macular thickness and mild macular edema primarily showed focal leakage in FFA exam,while those with moderate and severe macular edema showed diffuse leakage in FFA exam.The rate of CME was 28.6% presented in FFA and 58.9% in OCT examination (t= 3.39,Plt;0.05). Conclusion OCT images of DM reveal 3 kinds of morphological features：retinal welling,CME,and sensory retinals de tachment.OCT is superior to FFA in detecting CME. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:184-186)