【摘要】 目的 探讨神经科住院患者发生走失行为的相关因素，并制定相应的护理干预措施。 方法 采用回顾性调查，对2004年1月-2007年7月发生的8例走失神经系统疾患者，从护理角度对年龄、性别、文化程度、诊断、意识状态、精神状态等资料进行评估，分析影响因素与走失行为之间的相关性。 结果 影响自知力和易致患者产生幻觉妄想及定向力障碍的疾病更容易导致患者走失，走失行为多发生在夜间，且以男性、老年和低文化水平患者较多。 结论 针对神经科住院患者走失行为的危险因素，应根据具体情况，采取积极的综合预防及个体化的护理对策。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the countermeasure of nursing towards patients straying from neurological ward by analyzing the associated stray factors. Methods The medical records of 8 patients that went astray from our neurological ward between January 2004 to July 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients’ age, sex, educational level, clinical diagnosis, state of consciousness, and mental status were evaluated and analyzed to determine their correlation with the patients’ straying behavior. Results Patients with self-cognitive disorders, hallucination, delusion and disorientation were more likely to go astray. Male, senior age, and low education level patients were the dominant population engaging in the straying behavior, which mostly happened at night time. Conclusion Preventative nursing measures should be individualized to specific patients with special risky factors of straying in neurological ward.