Abstract： Pulmonary metastasectomy is an option for patients with metastatic tumor of lung. Numerous retrospectivestudies have demonstrated that complete control of primary tumor and complete resection of metastases limited to thelungs may be associated with prolonged survival. Speci?c issues require consideration when planning pulmonary metastasectomy. Regardless of histological type of primary tumor, complete resection is the most important prognostic factor. The other two important prognostic factors are long disease interval and limited number of metastatic tumor of lung. Hand-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for bilateral lung metastasectomy through sternocostal triangle access is recommended. Pulmonary hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastases are some relative contraindications for this surgery. Nowdays preoperative imaging examinations still have limitations in detecting all the lung metastases. Some data emphasize the importance of considering patients for extended resection in metastatic tumor of lung. Repeat resection after previous metastasectomies can be of benefit under certain circumstances so we should remove as little healthy lung tissue as possible. In this review, we discuss about some disputed issues in order to establish a useful criterion for consideration of pulmonary metastasectomy.
Abstract： Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of total thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary segmentectomy for the treatment of early-stage peripheral lung carcinoma, pulmonary metastases and benign pulmonary diseases. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients who received total thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary segmentectomy in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from March 2008 to November 2011. There were ten male and ten female patients with a mean age of 58.0（14-86）years. Three ports were used. The pulmonary artery and vein of the segment were dealt with Hem-o-lok or stapler. The bronchi of the segment were dealt with staplers. Staplers were used in peripheral lung of intersegmental plane. Results All the twenty patients underwent total thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy successfully without any conversion to thoracoctomy or lobectomy. No perioperative morbidity or mortality occurred. Postoperative pathological examinations showed lung cancer in 10 patients, pulmonary metastases in 3 patients and benign pulmonary diseases in 7 patients. The mean operative time was 133.0（90-240）min. The mean blood loss was 85.0（50-200）ml. The chest tubes were maintained in position for 3.2 （2-7） d. The mean postoperative hospitalization time was 6.7 （4-11）d. Conclusion Total thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary segmentectomy is a feasible and safe technique to be used selectively for Ⅰa stage lung cancer, pulmonary metastases and benign pulmonary diseases that are not appropriate for wedge resection.
Abstract：Pulmonary metastasectomy is an important curative option for patients with osteogenic and softtissue sarcoma spread to the lungs. Complete surgical removal of pulmonary metastases can improve survival and is recommended under certain criteria. Specific issues that require consideration when planning pulmonary metastasectomy include: preoperative assessment of the operation index and contraindications, choice of surgical strategies, pulmonary parenchymal preservation, and the role of lymphadenectomy. With the development of iconography and chemotherapy, the emergence of targeted drugs, and the innovation of radiotherapy, the concept of the diagnosis and treatment for pulmonary metastases from osteogenic and softtissue sarcoma is also undergoing great changes.
Objective To investigate the diagnosis, indications for surgery, operative methods and prognostic factors of surgical resection for pulmonary metastases, and improve the survival rate of patients with pulmonary metastases . Methods A total of 125 patients with pulmonary metastases underwent 138 metastasectomies,116 patients had metastasectomy once while 5 patients underwent a second metastasectomy and 4 patients a third metastasectomy. There were 66 wedge resections,2 segmentectomies, 53 lobectomies,2 en bloc resections of chest wall plus lobectomy,3 pneumonectomies and 12 precision resections. Surgical approaches included 130 thoracotomies and 8 videoassisted thoracic surgery. Results The primary tumor sites were epithelial in 94 patients ,sarcoma in 26 and others in 5. There was no perioperative mortality. A total of 122 patients were followed up , followup time was 1-10 years. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 90.4%, 53.3%, and 34.8% respectively. Better prognoses were found in patients with colorectal cancer, renal cancer and soft tissue sarcoma, the 5-year survival rates were 43.8%, 37.5%, and 33.3% respectively. For the 105 patients whose pulmonary metastases were resected completely, the 5-year survival rate was 38.9%. The 5-year survival rate was only 16.7% for 20 patients with incomplete resection, however. Systematiclymph node dissection had been performed in 89 patients but metastases were identified only in 12 patients. The 5-year survival rates were 14.3% for node positive patients and 41.5% for node negative patients. Conclusion Surgical resection for pulmonary metastases should be performed in properly selected patients and successful outcomes can be achieved. Posterolateral minithoracotomy is the most common surgical approach. The completeness of resection and the status of mediastinal lymph nodes may be important prognostic factors.
Objective To use meta-analysis method to assess the efficacy of fluorine-18fluorode-oxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (18F-FDG-PET/CT) scan and 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate (99Tcm-MDP) bone scan (BS) on early diagnosis of bone metastases of cancer. Methods Computer-based retrieval was conducted on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMbase, Ovid, and The Cochrane Library (from their establishment to 2010) to search reports about diagnosing bone metastases of cancer with 18FDG-PET/CT and 99Tcm-MDP Bone Scan. Three reviewers independently selected the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, collected the data, and evaluated the quality. MetaDisc software was adopted to conduct meta-analyses. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated, the summary receiving operating characteristic (SROC) curve was drawn, and the areas under the curve (AUC) and Q were measured. Results Five studies were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that the pooled sensitivity of 18FDG-PET/CT and 99Tcm-MDP BS in the diagnosis of bone metastases was 0.95 (95%CI 0.90 to 0.97) and 0.77 (95%CI 0.71 to 0.83), respectively; the pooled specificity was 0.98 (95%CI 0.97 to 0.99) and 0.90 (95%CI 0.88 to 0.92), respectively; the pooled DOR was 602.81 (95%CI 214.07 to 1697.51) and 41.37 (95%CI 8.15 to 210.05), respectively; the AUC was 0.984 2 and 0.901 7, respectively; and the Q index was 0.945 4 and 0.833 1, respectively. Conclusion The 18F-FDG PET/CT is more effective than the 99Tcm-MDP bone scan in the early diagnosis of bone metastases in cancer.
目的 探讨CT引导下髂骨成形术在治疗恶性肿瘤晚期髂骨转移中的价值。 方法 对2009年3月－2011年8月收治的12例经病理活检证实为恶性肿瘤髂骨转移患者共，分别行CT引导下骨水泥注入髂骨成形术并观察该组患者治疗后的疼痛缓解、生活质量改善及生存期等。 结果 该组患者手术后24 h内，疼痛与术前相比差异无统计学意义（t=2.433，P＞0.05），手术后3 d和7 d进行再次评估，与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义（t=3.123，3.124；P＜0.05）；术后该组患者在躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活状态方面的生活质量评分显著高于手术前（t=2.341，2.354，3.567，3.124；P＜0.05）。该组总有效率为82.5%。且治疗后癌胚抗原（CEA）含量为（2.9 ± 0.9）μg/L，显著低于治疗前的（15.5 ± 3.2）μg/L（P＜0.01）。所有患者随访1年，其6、10、12个月的总生存率分别为15.2%、32.8%、52.0%，平均生存时间10.4个月。该组患者治疗后并发症情况发生率58.3%，均为出现了无症状的骨水泥渗漏现象，注射治疗后持续时间为0.5～3 h，平均1.87 h。 结论 髂骨成形术短期内可明显减轻恶性肿瘤髂骨转移所致的疼痛症状。CT引导下髂骨成形术安全、可靠、近期疗效确切，是姑息性治疗恶性肿瘤髂骨转移的有效方法之一。
【摘要】 目的 观察低频超声（20 kHz）辐照联合静脉注射微泡造影剂SonoVue对裸鼠前列腺癌（Du145）移植瘤的抑瘤效应，并探讨其可能的抑瘤机制。 方法 通过细胞移植和瘤块移植方法建立24只裸鼠前列腺癌Du145移植瘤模型，随机分为超声微泡组、单纯超声组、单纯微泡组和对照组，每组各6只。超声微泡组：尾静脉注射0.2 mL SonoVue的同时对瘤体行20 kHz超声辐照，辐照强度200 mW/cm2；单纯超声组：尾静脉注射生理盐水0.2 mL，同时超声辐照2 min；单纯微泡组：尾静脉注射SonoVue 0.2 mL同时行假照，各组均隔天1次，共3次，对照组不做任何处理。治疗后测量瘤体大小，绘制瘤体生长曲线，计算抑瘤率。首次治疗后14 d剥离瘤体，通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜观察肿瘤组织病理改变。免疫组织化学方法观察CD34阳性染色血管，计算肿瘤微血管密度（micro vessel density，MVD），比较各组间MVD的差异。 结果 24只裸鼠均成功植瘤。治疗后超声微泡组瘤体体积均数明显小于其他3组（Plt;0.05），抑瘤率为62.7%。光学显微镜下超声微泡组瘤体组织大部分损伤坏死，电子显微镜下超声微泡组肿瘤内微血管的内皮细胞损伤，线粒体肿大，基底膜断裂。超声微泡组瘤体内CD34阳性染色微血管数减少，其MVD值显著低于其他各组。 结论 20 kHz低频超声辐照联合微泡造影剂SonoVue可有效抑制裸鼠人前列腺癌移植瘤的生长，其抑瘤机制可能是通过超声空化效应破坏肿瘤的微血管实现的。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect induced by low-frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) radiation combined with intravenous injection of microbubbles on human prostate carcinoma xenograft in nude mice, and to discuss its probable mechanism. Methods Human prostate carcinoma xenograft model in 24 nude mice were established with human prostate carcinoma Du145 cells inoculation and sub-graft through mice, which were randomly divided into ultrasound+microbubble, ultrasound, microbubble, and control group, with 6 mice in each group. In the ultrasound+microbubble group, 0.2 mL SonoVue was injected intravenously, followed by 20 kHz ultrasound exposure of 200 mW/cm2 at every other day for 3 times totally. Mice in the ultrasound group and the microbubbles group were only treated with ultrasound radiation and microbubbles injection, respectively. The volume of gross tumors was measured, and tumor growth curve was drawn. The ratio of anti-tumor growth was calculated. The mice were sacrificed 14 days after the last ultrasound exposure. Specimens of the exposed tumor tissues were obtained and observed pathologically under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. CD34 positive vessels were counted in all the tumor slices by immunohistochemistry, and the micro-vessels density（MVD）of the tumor was also calculated. Results Du145 prostate tumor model was successfully established in all the mice. The average gross tumor volume of the ultrasound+microbubble group was significant lower compared with the other two groups after treatment (Plt;0.05), and the ratio of anti-tumor growth was 62.7%. Histological examination showed signs cell injury in the ultrasound+microbubble group. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the endothelium of vessels in the tumor was injured. The amount of CD34 positive vessels and MVD of the ultrasound+microbubble group was less than that of the other two groups. Conclusion The low-frequency ultrasound of 20 kHz exposure combined with microbubbles can be used to ablate human prostate carcinoma xenograft in nude mice, which is probably realized through micro-vessels destroyed by cavitation effect of ultrasound.
目的 探讨重组人p53腺病毒(recombinant human p53 adenovirus, rAd-p53)在脊柱转移瘤的治疗中的近期疗效。 方法 2006年6月-2009年8月，以经皮注射rAd-p53联合放疗及单独放疗方法治疗肺鳞状细胞癌来源脊柱转移瘤患者各18例，通过比较两组治疗前后的肿瘤体积变化评价疗效，观察两组治疗后肿瘤细胞坏死率情况，检测P53蛋白在癌组织中的表达以及血清中抗特异p53基因腺病毒抗体水平。 结果 联合治疗组疗效评定有效率为66.7%，高于单独放疗组的27.8%，差异有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。联合治疗组可见明显肿瘤细胞坏死、P53蛋白表达阳性及血清中抗特异p53基因腺病毒抗体水平强阳性。 结论 rAd-p53基因治疗能抑制肿瘤生长，联合放疗可弥补单一放疗的不足，提高放疗的敏感性，有效治疗脊柱转移瘤。
目的:探讨前路手术治疗胸椎转移瘤的临床疗效、手术方法及手术适应证。方法:2003年11月至2005年11月收治胸椎转移瘤38例,男21例,女17例;所有患者均伴有不同程度疼痛,伴神经功能障碍29例。结果:术后随访6个月,患者疼痛均有不同程度缓解, 视觉类比评分(VAS)由术前平均7.13降至术后平均1.71。术后患者使用止痛药的级别和用量均明显下降,其中多数患者(15例)无需再使用止痛药。伴神经功能障碍29例患者中,术后27例有改善,其中2例Frankel C级和9例Frankel D级患者感觉、运动基本恢复正常。局部肿瘤无复发,内固定器无松动断裂。结论:前路手术治疗胸椎转移瘤可以充分显露病灶, 有利于减压以及重建脊柱稳定性,从而有效控制疼痛、防治神经功能损害,提高生存质量。