Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has some unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Due to different ideas and mechanism of between TCM and biomedicine in the prevention and treatment of cancer, the clinial effect evaluation approches of biomedicine could not be used as a beneficial method to scientifically evaluate the effects of TCM. From three angles, this article analyzes the key issues regardsing the evaluation methods of TCM as an adjuvant therapy of cancer. It draws lessons from the idea of quality-adjusted survival (QAS), proposes Two-in-One (TIO) method to evaluate the effects of TCM as adjuvant therapy of cancer, which reflects the combined value of the individual patient dynamic information and provides methodological support for the effect evaluation of TCM.
Objective To review the clinical evidence of Pingxiao Capsule for tumor adjuvant treatment so as to provide some decision-making references for clinical practice. Methods We electronically searched CBM, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data and MEDLINE (from inception to Feb, 2013) to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) about Pingxiao Capsule for tumor adjuvant treatment. Then, the included studies were summarized and evaluated according to the classification of diseases. Results 1 097 potential relevant articles were searched. We included 41 RCTs and 15 non-RCTs. The results showed that Pingxiao Capsule used as an adjuvant therapy in treating tumor improved the efficacy and reduced the side effects of radiation and chemotherapy, and also improved the quality of survival. Conclusion Current evidence showed that the effectiveness and safety of Pingxiao Capsule combined with radiation or chemotherapy in the tumor treatment is superior to radiation monotherapy or chemotherapy monotherapy. But due to the limited quality of the included studies, the results needed to be further verified by high-quality studies.
Objective To discuss the performance of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) of colorectal cancer treatment within West China Hospital in Sichuan University. Methods To compare the therapeutic effect between groups of MDT model and non-MDT model by retrospectively analyzing the data of patients who diagnosed colorectal cancer and accepted in-hospital therapy during December 2006 and May 2007. Results The in-hospital days of the MDT model group during the perioperative period and in the surgical ward were less than that of the non-MDT model group ( Plt; 0. 05) , but there was no significant difference between the two groups about the total hospitalization time. And the MDT model group had a higher rate of cancer resection ( P lt; 0. 05) . Although the incidence of anastomotic leakage and bleeding as early postoperative complications didn’t show any variations between the two groups , the non-MDT model groupencountered more early postoperative ileus ( Plt; 0. 05) . During the 5－ 10 months follow-up , there came out less cancer recurrence rate in the MDT model group than the other ( P lt; 0. 05) . And the morbidity of anastomotic stricture and ileus didn’t show any statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion The combined-therapy st rategy ofcolorectal cancer has showed a priority to routine ways , not only the more reasonable time arrangement for therapy , but also the more satisfied surgical outcomes. However , the factors correlated to the efficacy of the MDT model are not clear ; the MDT model still needs to be improved that a morereasonable and effective perioperative MDT model may come t rue.
直肠癌围手术期辅助治疗的提出缘由是直肠癌发病率和死亡率仍不断上升。全球结、直肠癌发病率平均每年递增2%，在欧美国家其死亡率仍居癌症死亡第二位。我国情况亦相似，以上海为例，发病率每年递增4.2%，比全球平均递增速度还要高。1990～1992年我国十分之一人口的抽样调查显示，结、直肠癌平均调整死亡率为4.54/10万人口，居癌症死亡第五位。而直肠癌在美国占结、直肠癌的40%，在中国占50%以上。更甚的是，直肠癌治疗效果还不够理想，近30多年来提高并不显著。美国癌症协会Cutler统计分析25 000例结、直肠癌资料，其中外科治疗直肠癌5年生存率自1940～1960年由44%提高到50%。英国牛津大学临床试验研究中心收集1960～1987年世界各地所有结、直肠癌临床随机治疗资料共计97组154项研究，包含32 000余例，其中直肠癌3年和5年生存率分别为65.0%和45.1%。迄今，大宗直肠癌病例报告的术后5年生存率都徘徊在50%左右，扩大手术范围生存率提高不多，但随之而来的却是更大的手术损伤、合并症增加。术后远处转移，特别是局部复发是直肠癌治疗失败的原因，如何防止局部复发和肝转移，一直是困扰医学家们的临床课题。此外，随着社会进步和科学技术水平的提高，人们对生活质量要求也提高，更多直肠癌患者要求保留肛门。
Objective To observe the effects of operation with large-dose of RoferonA for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Methods From January 1998 to December 2005, thirtythree patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma were treated. There were 20 males and 13 females, aging 17-79 years. The disease course was 2 months to 7 years. In 33 patients, nine patients identified as clinical-stage Ⅰ received singly enlargedresection to the primary lesion and performed split-thickness skin graft dermoplasty or adjacent skin flap repair; twenty-three patients identified as clinicalstage Ⅱ received enlargedresection to the primarylesion and performed proximal lymphaden scavenge as well as received split-thickness skin graft dermoplasty; and one patient identified as clinical-stage Ⅲ received palliative resection to the primary lesion. All patients received large dose of Roferon-A after operation. Results There are no recidivation in the 9 patients of clinicalstage Ⅰ. There are 1 recidivation and 1 quit in all the 23 patientsof clinicalstage Ⅱ. One patient of clinicalstage Ⅲ died after 18 months of operation. Conclusion The operation combined with large-dose of RoferonA after operation was a more effective way to treat cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of melatonin as an adjuvant therapy for the tumor patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Methods Such databases as MEDLINE (1980 to Jan. 2010), The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2009), WanFang Data (1980 to Jan. 2010), CBM (1980 to Jan. 2010), CNKI (1980 to Jan. 2010), ELSEVIER ScienceDirect (SDOS, 1980 to Jan. 2010), Nature (1980 to Jan. 2010) and ongoing clinical trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov and www.controlled-trials.com) were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The data were extracted and the quality of the included RCTs was assessed by two reviewers. Then meta-analyses were performed by using Stata 10.1 software. Results Eight RCTs were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that melatonin significantly improved the remission rate for tumor patients (RR=1.98, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.58) and the one-year survival rate (RR=1.90, 95%CI 1.28 to 2.83), and significantly reduced the toxic effects of bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy (RR=0.12, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.27). No reports of adverse events were associated with melatonin. Conclusion The existing evidence reveals that the melatonin, as an adjuvant therapy drug for tumor, plays a certain role in improving disease remission rate, reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and prolonging the life. It requires more high-quality RCTs for further verification because of the limitation of the included studies.
Objective To formulate an evidence-based adjuvant therapeutic plan for a patient with large area pressure ulcers. Methods Based on an adequate assessment of the patient’s condition and using the principle of PICO, we searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2008), DARE (Issue 3, 2008), CCRT (Issue 1, 2008), MEDLINE (1980~ March 2008) and Chinese Journal Full-text Database CNKI (1979~2008) for the best available clinical evidence on adjuvant therapy of large area pressure ulcers with infrared rays, nutrition support and some special overlays. Results Two systematic reviews and three randomized controlled trials were included. According to the current evidence, as well as the patient’s clinical condition and preference, a comprehensive therapeutic plan was given to the patient. And in the next three months with the therapeutic plan, the patient’s large area pressure ulcers had already recovered. Conclusion Evidence based approaches can help us develop the best comprehensive therapeutic plan for the patient and will help improve the therapeutic results for patients with large area pressure ulcers.
In this paper, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials and other relevant studies on surgical and adjuvant therapy following operative therapy in renal cancer were identified by searching the Guidelines International Network, ACP Journal Club, the Cochrane Library （Issue 3, 2005 ） , MEDLINE, EMBASE and CBMdisc （ from 1996 to Sept. 2005）. In operative therapy, we found no study comparing operative therapy with no treatment or adjuvant therapy alone; A meta-analysis of cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer showed adjuvant therapy following nephrectomy was more effective than adjuvant therapy alone; a review comparing radical nephrectomy with nephron-sparing surgery in small-volume renal tumors found similar effectiveness between the two procedures. In the adjuvant therapy following nephrectomy, ten RCTs found adjuvant cytokine therapy （Interferon and Interleukin-2 ） and 5-FU not effective in the adjuvant setting, and could increase adverse reaction; Four RCTs found adjuvant vaccine therapy effective in the adjuvant setting with only a few side effects.