近年来，胆石症的发病谱已发生了根本性的变迁，一些大城市的胆囊结石发病率逐步增加，过去常见的肝内胆管结石已明显减少； 但多数地区肝内胆管结石发病率仍较高，仍是我国的常见病之一，其治疗也仍是胆道外科中的困难问题。运用现代肝脏外科手术技术，处理肝门部和肝内胆管及血管，获得良好的显露，基本上可达到“解除梗阻，去除病灶，通畅引流”的肝胆管结石外科治疗原则。由于肝内胆管结石本身的复杂性，目前尚无一种手术方式可使所有患者获得满意效果，因此，应根据患者的实际情况采用“个体化治疗方案”。常用的手术方法有胆管探查取石、胆肠引流、肝叶切除术等。根据病情、患者的身体素质、技术条件和病变的性质等综合考虑来决定术式。
Objective To explore the effects of bile from patients with cholecystolithiasis on the growth of human gallbladder carcinoma cells GBC-SD and the potential correlation between cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder carcinoma. Methods Cholecystolithiasis bile (CB) and normal bile (NB) specimens were used for this study. The proliferative effects of bile were measured by methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results CB can significantly promote the proliferation of GBC-SD cells, GBC-SD proliferative index increased significantly after treated with 1% CB for 48 h （P＜0.05）.The Sphase fraction of CB 〔（49.26±8.07）%〕 increased remarkably (P＜0.05) compared with that of NB 〔（25.54±6.57）%〕, and the CB percentage of G0/G1 phase 〔（40.59±9.12）%〕 decreased remarkably (P＜0.05) compared with NB 〔(60.64±13.42）〕%. Conclusion CB can promote the proliferation of human gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells.
Objective To explore the regulating mechanism of hepatic injury in obstructive jaundice (OJ). Methods①Rat hepatocytes were isolated by in situ collagenase perfusion and primary culture. Hepatocytes were pretreated with various concentrations of protein kinase C (PKC) agonist parsmeae (PMA) and inhibitor chelerythrine for 20 min. After pretreatment, 50 μmol/L glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) was added. Cells were next detected by FCM and TUNEL.②Experimental obstructive jaundice was induced by double ligation of the bile duct (BDL), BDL for 3, 7, 14, 21days.We detected apoptotic status in liver with TUNEL and PKC protein in liver with immunohistochemistry method. Results①PMA increased GCDCinduced apoptosis and chelerythrine decreased GCDCinduced apoptosis in a concentrationdependent manner. ②The apoptotic rate of liver was related to time of OJ. Apoptosis index (AI) was the highest in 14day bile duct ligation. The ber PKC expression, the more number of apoptotic cells in OJ.Conclusion PKC takes part in the regulation and the occurrence and progression of hepatic injury in OJ.
Objective The article introduces the present status of the application of comparative proteomics in study of tumor marker. Methods This essay review the present status and advances of the application of comparative proteomics in study of tumor marker through refer considerable literatures about proteome, proteomics and tumor marker. Results Follow the study of human genome deepening; the paradox between the finiteness of genes’ number and stability of genes’ structure and the variety of the life phenomena is more conspicuous. Then, the study of proteomics was pushed to the advancing front of life science research. The application of comparative proteomics to tumor research becomes a hot spot nowadays. Conclusion Screening tumor marker via comparative proteomics is an extremely promising research.
Objective To study the regulative effect of angelica sinensis on cellular immune function in perioperative patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods Fourteen patients with obstructive jaundice were injected with angelica before and after operation for 14 days. The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in lymphocytes in peripheral blood were measured, respectively. Results The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R decreased significantly in patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in peripheral blood lymphocyte increased significantly before and after operations (after treatment using angelica) (P＜0.01), though there was a little decrease after operation but they were still higher than that befor using angelica.Conclusion It maybe useful to use angelica to improve the cellular immune function in patients with obstructive jaundice.
Objective To investigate the effects of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDCAi) on expression of E-cadherin gene and invasiveness of cholangiocarcinoma cell. Methods According to different treatment, the QBC939 cells were divided into four groups: blank control group, hydralazine group, valproic acid group and hydralazine and valproic acid combined group. After 48 h, the expression of E-cadherin was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), mehtylation specific PCR (MSP) and Western blot, the invasiveness of QBC939 cells was evaluated by Transwell method. Results There was no expression of E-cadherin mRNA and protien in blank control group and valproic acid group. The expressions of E-cadherin mRNA and protien in hydralazine and valproic acid combined group were higher than those in hydralazine group ( P ＜ 0.01), while the invasiveness of QBC939 cells of hydralazine and valproic acid combined group was much lower than that of blank control group, hydralazine group and valproic acid group ( P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion DNMTi and HDACi can synergistically re-express E-cadherin gene and weaken the invasiveness of QBC939 cell, which plays an important part in treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-3 in xenograft that was treated with targeted therapy with magnetic nanoparticles in nude mice. Methods QBC939 cell lines were injected into nude mice subcutaneously to establish the model of human cholangiocarcinoma xenograft. After two weeks of tumor inoculation, the animal models were divided randomly into 4 groups: group A received placebo (sodium chloride), group B were treated with magnetic nanoparticles (250 mg/kg), group C were treated with magnetic nanoparticles (150 mg /kg) combined with inner-stent, group D with magnetic nanoparticles (250 mg /kg) combined with inner-stent (the inner-stent was used to generate the magnetic targeting effect). The 21th day after treatment, expression of caspase-3 in tumor cells of each groups were measured with histochemical method and RT-PCR. Results The quantity of caspase-3 in tumor cells that were treated with magnetic nanoparticles (250 mg/kg) combined with inner-stent was the most (P＜0.05), and the quantity of caspase-3 in cells of group C was significantly more than that of the other two groups (P＜0.05). While the quantity of caspase-3 in group B was more than that of the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The use of magnetic nanoparticles combined with inner-stent may increase the expression of caspase-3, and the expression is dose-dependent with magnetic nanoparticles.