1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (Sal) is a kind of catechol isoquinoline compound, which mainly exists in mammalian brain and performs a variety of biological functions. Through in vivo metabolism, Sal can be transformed into endogenous neurotoxins and can participate the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This has attracted widespread concern of researchers. Recently, many research works have shown that Sal may lead to alcohol addiction and regulate hormone release of the neuroendocrine system, which indicated that it is a potential regulator of dopaminergic neurons. In this paper, we discuss the neural functions of Sal on the above aspects, and wish to provide some theoretical supports for further research on its mechanism.
【摘要】 目的 观察长期大量酒精摄入对大鼠心肌结构及心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的影响,探讨氧化应激在酒精性心肌病大鼠中的作用。 方法 雄性健康SD大鼠45只,随机分为2组,即对照组20只和模型组25只。模型组酒精浓度从5%、10%、20%和30%依次各自由饮1周,然后递增至36%后以该浓度维持饲喂。对照组每日饮用与模型组酒精同等热量的葡萄糖水。6个月后,观察大鼠心肌组织的形态学改变及超微结构的变化,测定心肌组织中MDA、SOD及MT的含量。结果 模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱、间质充血、炎细胞浸润、线粒体肿胀、空泡形成、肌丝溶解、核膜不规则和核仁裂解。心肌组织中MDA含量明显升高(Plt;0.01),SOD活力含量明显降低(Plt;0.01),MT含量明显降低(Plt;0.01)。 结论 长期摄入大量酒精可使氧自由基代谢失衡,导致心肌损伤。氧化应激在酒精性心肌病发病机制中发挥着重要的作用。【Abstract】 Objective To observe the effect of longterm and large quantities of alcohol intake on myocardial structure of rats and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein (MT) in myocardium tissue. To study the effect of oxidative stress on the rats with alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Methods Fortyfive male and healthy SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (20 rats) and model group (25 rats).The alcoholic concentrate in model group was increased from 5%,10%,20% to 30% every week, and maintain free drinking mass concentration of 36% alcohol. The control group drink the same calories of glucose water. Six months later, the myocardial tissues were observed both in light microscope and electron microscope .The level of MDA、SOD and MT were tested in myocardium tissue. Results In the model rats, the cells of myocardial disarray, interstitial congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial swelling, vacuole formation, melt filaments, irregular nuclear membrane and nucleolus cracking. The content of MDA incresed(Plt;0.01)and the activities of SOD decreased(Plt;001),levels of MT decreased (Plt;0.01) in the cardiac muscular tissues in the model group compared with the control group. Conclusion Longterm intake of large amounts of alcohol can break the balance of oxygen free radicals, which leading to the damage of myocardial. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
ObjectiveTo summarize the changes of gut microbiota after cholecystectomy, the mechanisms of changes, and the relation with colorectal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and post-cholecystectomy syndrome after cholecystectomy, in order to provide new ideas for the perioperative management of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. MethodThe studies related to gut microbiota after cholecystectomy at home and abroad were searched and analyzed for review. ResultsThe cholecystectomy disrupted the liver–bile acid–gut flora axis of the patients, and the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of the patients were altered, and the alteration might lead to the occurrence of colorectal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and post-cholecystectomy syndrome, but the exact mechanism remained unclear. ConclusionsThe balance of intestinal microecology is disrupted after cholecystectomy, and the relation between cholecystectomy and gut microbiota may provide new ideas for the perioperative management of cholecystectomy patients and the prevention and treatment of diseases or symptoms after cholecystectomy, but the effect of cholecystectomy on gut microbiota and the relation with diseases or symptoms still need to be further studied.
Objectives To compare umbilical cord daily care protocol in the current clinical setting in which 75% alcohol sterile is used daily for the umbilical and surrounding skins with the WHO-recommended method (dry and clean). Methods A total of 283 full-term newborns were randomly divided into two groups: the trial group (n=181) receiving WHO “dry and clean” protocol that the umbilical cord was open to air (with losing clothes), cleaned by clear water instead of alcohol. The control group (n=102) used the traditional method that after the newborns’ bathing, the umbilical cord and surrounding skins were sterilized with 75% alcohol. The basic condition of the newborns, umbilical departure time and complications around the navel were assessed. And bacterial culture from the newborns’ skins was observed. Results There were no significant differences in departure time of the umbilical cord (7.64±3.29 day vs. 8.50±3.45 days t=1.82, Pgt;0.05), complications (6 patients with slight omphalitis in the trial group and 2 patients with slight omphalitis in the control group), and the skin flora culture between the two groups. The umbilical cord of the newborns dropped off safely. And no fever was found. Conclusion This study does not support that 75% alcohol can prevent the umbilical cord from being infected. Keeping the umbilical cord and surrounding skins dry is important for infection control.
During the past 42 months, a total of 53 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) had been treated by fine needle percutanous ethanol intratumor infiltration (group P) and ethanol infiltration combined with intrahepatoportal chemotherapy around carcinoma, using adriamycin (group PA) or using adriamycin, carboplytin mitomycin and 5-Fu (group PC) for two courses. Result showed that 16cases were complete remission and 21 cases were part remission. The overall response rate was 69.8%, with a median survival duration of 10.1 months. After clinical contrast among three groups, the response rate in PA group exceeded P and PC group and adverse reactions was lower than PC group. The authors belive that this method might be a remedial measure for patients who are unsuitable for major surgery.
【摘要】 目的 研究2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease， NAFLD）患者血浆脂肪细胞特异性脂肪酸结合蛋白（adipocyte-specific fatty acid-binding protein，A-FABP）的水平及其相关因素。 方法 2009年10月—2010年10月选取T2DM合并NAFLD组（A组）60例，未合并NAFLD组56例（B组）为研究对象。测定体质量指数（body mass index，BMI），检测血脂、糖化血红蛋白（hemoglobin A1c，HbA1c）等生化指标。放射免疫法测定空腹胰岛素（fasting insulin，FINS），空腹C肽水平（fasting C-peptide，FCP），计算胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance，HOMA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（insulin sensitivity index，ISI），测定A-FABP、C反应蛋白（C-reaction protein，CRP）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）。 结果 与B组患者相比，A组患者其血浆A-FABP水平、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、CRP、TNF-α、FCP、FINS、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、Ln（HOMA-IR）升高，Ln（ISI）降低，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）；两组HbA1c差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。A-FABP水平变化与TNF-α、HOMA-IR、CRP呈正相关，与ISI呈负相关。 结论 T2DM伴NAFLD中，A-FABP升高与胰岛素抵抗是并存的，且存在明显相关关系，二者在疾病的发生发展中均可能具有重要的作用。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the serum level of adipocyte-specific fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its related factors. Methods From October 2009 to October 2010, 112 patients with T2DM were categorized into two groups: the group with NAFLD (group A) with 60 patients, and the group without NAFLD (group B) with 56 patients. Body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were detected. Radioimmunoassay was carried out to measure fasting insulin (FINS) and fasting C-peptide (FCP), and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated. At the same time, A-FABP, C-reaction protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also detected. Results Compared with patients in group B, plasma levels of A-FABP, BMI, waistline, waist to hip ratio, ALT, AST, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, FCP, FINS, and HOMA-IR for patients in group A were all higher, while ISI was lower; and the differences in the above-mentioned parameters were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). The levels of HbA1c in the two groups were not significantly different (Pgt;0.05). The change of A-FABP level was positively correlated with TNF-α, HOMA-IR and CRP, while it wasnegatively correlated with ISI. Conclusions In patients with T2DM with NAFLD, there is an obvious correlation between the coexisting A-FABP rise and insulin resistance. Both of them played critical roles in the onset and developing of the disease.
【摘要】 目的 总结酒精依赖患者的护理特点和经验。 方法 2008年1月-2009年10月，对收治的60例酒精依赖患者，依据其临床特点采取针对性的护理措施，重点加强心理护理。 结果 60例患者症状明显改善，痊愈40例，无并发症发生。 结论 在药物治疗的基础上，配合施行各项有效的护理措施，特别是心理护理，可帮助患者减轻对酒品的依赖程度，恢复健康和正常生活。【Abstract】 Objective To summarize the characteristics and experiences of nursing for patients with alcohol dependence. Method From January 2008 to October 2009, 60 patients with alcohol dependence were admitted to our department. According to the clinical characteristics of those patients, corresponding nursing measures were applied. Mental nursing was enhanced. Results The symptoms of 60 inpatients were obviously improved without complications. The evaluation of treatment showed that 40 patients were cured. Conclusion On the base of medicine treatment, patients can lower their alcohol dependence and go back to normal life by effective measures of nursing, especially mental nursing.
Objective To review the research progress of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods Recent literature concerning alcohol-induced ONFH was reviewed and summarized. Results Alcohol-induced ONFH accounte for approximately 1/3 of total ONFH. Alcohol intake and the incidence of ONFH has a significant dose-effect relationship. There are some correlations between alcohol-induced ONFH and lipid metabolism, secretion of corticosteroid, and some gene of alcohol or lipid metabolism. Conclusion The relationships between alcohol and lipid metabolism, and between alcohol and steroid are still the main direction of the research of ONFH. Gene level researches can not demonstrate the pathogenesis, therefore further research should be carried on.
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods Such databases as CNKI, VIP, CBM, and PubMed (from the date of their establishments to November 2009) were searched. Randomized controlled trials of TCM treatment of NASH were included. According to the principle of ZANG-fu Differentiation, the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies and to conduct meta-analysis. Results Twenty-two studies were included, of which 18 were of low quality and 4 of high quality. The results of meta-analyses showed: there was no difference between liver-oriented TCM treatment and western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, and blood lipid; the liver and spleen oriented TCM treatment was better than the western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, and blood lipid, but similar to that of western medicine on TG and HDL-C; the liver, spleen and kidney oriented TCM treatment was better than the western medicine in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, lipids, but showed no difference on HDL-C; the liver and kidney oriented TCM treatment was better than the western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, LDL-C, and HDL-C, but showed no differences on TC and TG. Conclusion The TCM has significant effects on NASH. The liver, spleen and kidney oriented TCM treatment is significantly better than the western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, and liver function. TCM has no serious adverse reactions.