Febrile seizure is one of the most common emergencies in children, accounting for about 30% of all types of children, and the most common among children aged 6 months to 5 years. At the same time, children in this age group are at the peak of growth and development, and the content of various trace elements in the body is prone to abnormalities. At present, there are few related studies on febrile seizure and trace elements in children. This paper summarizes the related studies on febrile seizure and trace elements in order to provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of febrile seizure
Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) is an age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy that onset within 3 ~ 12 months. Commonly used Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) have poor efficacy, low long-term control rate and high recurrence rate, and often leave behind sequelae such as developmental delay/intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders. At present, the first-line recommended treatments for IESS are Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenocortical hormone and vigabatrin. If ineffective, other ASMs, ketogenic diets, and surgical treatments can be tried. This article will provide a review of the current status and related clinical applications of IESS treatment.
ObjectiveTo analysis the causes of infant spasm (IS) and provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsCollected the clinical data of 116 IS cases in our hospital from May 2011 to December 2013, which conform to the diagnostic standard, and analysis its causes. ResultsIn the116 cases we collected, symptomatic IS is primarily for 78 cases (67.24%); the onset age of symptomatic IS within 6 months was 76.39% (55/72), higher than the rates of symptomatic IS beyond 6 months 52.27% (23/44) (P=0.007); The pathogenic factor in symptomatic IS, prenatal accounted for 48.72%, intrapartum factors accounted for 34.62%; for sexually transmitted diseases accounted for 47.44%, venereal disease accounted for 52.56%. In 78 cases of symptomatic IS, gender has no relation with its pathogenic factors; the onset age within 6 months of antepartum and intrapartum factor is significantly higher than the rates of symptomatic IS beyond 6 months (89.09% VS 69.57%); distribution between urban and rural areas and its pathogenic factors is related, prenatal factors of urban IS significantly lower than which in rural areas (38.30% VS 64.51%), intrapartum factor IS significantly higher than the rural IS (44.68% VS 19.35%). ConclusionThe cause of the IS given priority to with symptomatic, IS in the majority with, and prenatal or developmental factors in the higher flight in symptomatic, and the smaller of the onset age antepartum and intrapartum factor becomes more apparent, prenatal factors in the rural areas is higher than which in the unban areas, but intrapartum factor in the unban areas is higher than which in the rural areas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) still plays an important role in etiology diagnosis.
ObjectiveTo probe the clinical features and the characteristics of radiography and electroencephalogram (EEG) of tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC) in children with epilepsy. MethodsThe clinical data of the TSC cases with epilepsy were collected from inpatients in Jiangxi Children's Hospital from Jan. 2013 to Oct. 2015. ResultsAmong the 26 cases, 21 cases(21/26, 80.77%) involved abnormalities of the skin. Of these patients, there were 10 cases with hypomelanotic macules, 7 cases with café au lait spots and 4 cases with facial angiofibromas. There were no significant difference among the different age groups. In addition, there were 8 cases (8/26, 30.77%) with spasm seizures, of whom 3 cases had partial seizure, 10 cases (10/26, 38.46%) with complex partial seizure, 5 cases(5/26, 19.23%) with secondary generalized seizure, 2 cases(2/26, 7.69%) with tonic-clonic seizure and one case with Lennox-Gastaut syndrom(1/26, 3.85%). The average onset age of the epileptic spasms group were younger than those of the other epilepsy groups (t=2.143, P=0.042). EEG monitoring demonstrated hypsarrhythmia in 7 cases (7/26, 26.92%) in the interictal EEG, focal epileptic discharges in 11 cases (11/26, 42.31%), multifocal discharges in 5 cases, the slow background activity in 2 cases and the normal EEG in one case. Cranial imaging demonstrated subependymal nodules (SEN) in 25 cases(25/26, 96.15%) was the most common. ConclusionThe clinical manifestations and seizure types of TSC in children, especially in infants and young children, were diverse and age-dependent. It was very important to improve understanding of the clinical features and related risks of TSC at various ages, which was helpful to diagnose TSC early.
ObjectiveTo optimize the therapy protocols of high dose prednisone combined with topiramate (TPM) in children with infantile spasms (IS). MethodsSixty cases were collected in our hospital from September 2012 to September 2013 and randomly divided into two groups(n=30) and followed-up for more than 6 months.The spasms were assesses by video-electroencephalogram (VEEG) monitoring including awake and asleep states before treatment, after two weeks of therapy and the end of the courses respectively.And the Gessel developmental quotient (DQ) scores were performed before treatment and after six months of therapy. ResultsFor the unresponders to high dose prednisone in one week of therapy, there were 46.67%and 60.00% in test group higher than 31.25% and 37.50% in control group respectively in 2 week and in the end of treatment.And the rate of complete resolution of hypsarrhythmia in the test group was 46.67% and 60.00% higher than 25.00% and 37.50% in control group respectively in 2 week and in the end of treatment.But there were no statistical significances between two groups(P >0.05).The incidence of side effects(83.33% vs. 80.00%) and the relapse rate(39.14% vs. 40.00%), were not statistically significant between two groups(P >0.05).The responsive rates for the cases with the lead time within 2 months higher than beyond 2 months in two groups respectively in 2 weeks and in the end of treatment. ConclusionsThe protocol of the test group was superior to that of the control group.The responsive rates of children within 2 months of lead time were higher than beyond 2 months, which indicates that early diagnosis and early treatment would improve efficacy and have an important influence on the prognosis of IS.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical data of 5 cases of congenital hyperinsulinemia with sizures as the initial symptoms. MethodsRisk factors in perinatal period, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, treatment and follow-up visits of 5 cases of congenital hyperinsulinemia with sizures as the initial symptoms were analyzed retrospectively, who were admitted to Department of Neurology of Jiangxi Children's Hospital from July 2012 to August 2016. Results5 children were all male. The onset time varied from 3 to 9 mouths old. All the cases presented seizures as the main clinical manifestations, persistent hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, low free fatty acid and hypoketonemia. During follow-up, treatment with diazoxide and dietary therapy was effective in 3 cases, pure dietary therapy ineffective in 2 cases. 3 cases manifested as acute symptomic seizures, 2 cases as remote symptomic epilepsy. During follow-up, 1 cases showed normal intelligence, 3 cases developmental delay, and 1 case dropout. ConclusionMost of the infants with congenital hyperinsulinemia presented seizures as initial symptoms. Severe hypoglycemia and long duration would damage brain, and early management may significantly improve the prognosis. The early diagnosis can be made by measuring fasting blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and, plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid, C peptide and so on. The majority of children were effective by diazoxide.
ObjectiveTo explore the impact on the retention and effective rate of the mode of continuous guidance with wechat group in children with infantile spasms (IS) treated by ketogenic diet (KD).MethodsThe clinical data of 40 children who received KD treatment in Jiangxi Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 23 males and 17 females, the average age was (19.90±13.10) months and the average course was (9.95±7.61) months. They were randomly divided into control group (20 cases) and observation group (wechat group continuity Guidance Group, 20 cases), and followed up one year to compare the retention rate and efficacy.ResultsThere was no statistical difference between the general data of the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). After 9 and 12 months of KD treatment, the retention and effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). And the seizure-free rate was higher than the control group (35% vs. 10%, 35% vs. 15%).ConclusionThis model of continuous guidance with wechat group can increase the KD retention rate of IS children, And increase the effective rate.