In recent years, the field of cardiovascular surgery has undergone revolutionary changes and made rapid progress in various aspects, bringing more hope and possibilities for the health and well-being of patients. As in every era full of change, opportunities and challenges always coexist. The constant emergence of new technologies brings new opportunities and hope, as well as constant challenges to past concepts. This article aims to comprehensively summarize the latest developments in cardiovascular surgery, especially since 2023, introduce cutting-edge knowledge and technologies in the field of cardiovascular surgery, and deeply analyze and explore future development directions, in order to provide useful references and inspirations for cardiovascular doctors and jointly promote the continuous progress of cardiovascular surgery in China.