Objective To investigate the trend of breast cancer treatment and prognosis in 30 years. Methods Total 1 092 patients with breast cancer treated in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 1975 and 2006 were reviewed in six time phases for therapy, metastasis, and survival rate. Six time phases were 1975-1980 years, 1985-1986 years, 1990-1991 years, 1995-1996 years, 2000-2001 years and 2005-2006 years. Results Radical operation was the major treatment (68.9%， 91/132) of breast cancer in 1975-1980 and then became less popular until it was totally abandoned after 2001. The number of modified radical operation begun to rise from 1980 and reached its peak in 1995-1996 (94.9%， 146/154). The number of lumpectomy had been increasing since 2000, and that of chemotherapy had been rising since 1985-1986. But there was no apparent change of the percentage of radiotherapy treatment. In 1975-1980, only 0.8% （1/126） patients received endocrine therapy, but in 1990-1991, the ratio was 66.0% （33/50）. The metastasis and recurrence ratio was declining gradually in the 6 time phases (P＜0.05). The 5-year and 10-year disease free survival rates in the groups of 1990-1991, 1995-1996, 2000-2001, and 2005-2006 were apparently higher than those in two earlier groups of 1975-1980 and 1985-1986 (P＜0.05). Conclusion The conclusions of laboratory experiments and clinical trials on breast cancer are critical for improving prognosis.
目的 探讨妊娠期乳腺癌的诊断、治疗及预后。方法 回顾性分析1986年1月至2007年12月期间笔者所在医院收治的12例妊娠期乳腺癌患者的临床资料和随访资料。结果 12例妊娠期乳腺癌患者中，有8例患者于术前行B超检查，3例患者行钼靶检查，均有阳性发现。12例患者均行手术治疗，其中10例行乳腺癌改良根治术，2例行乳腺癌根治术；7例在妊娠期间确诊的患者中，仅1例行人流术，另外6例行剖宫产；所有患者乳腺癌术后并妊娠结束后均行化疗，5例化疗后再行放疗，1例在妊娠结束后行内分泌治疗。随访期间（平均随访时间35.8个月），1例患者出现胸壁结节，2例盆腔多发转移并死亡，余9例均未出现复发和转移。结论 妊娠期乳腺癌可行乳腺切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术； 妊娠结束后可行化疗，妊娠期间不应行放疗及内分泌治疗。
To detect the influence of raloxifene (RLX) on fracture heal ing in rabbit. Methods Eighty healthy New Zealand white rabbits (44 females and 36 males) weighing 1.9-2.1 kg were used. A 0.5-cm bone defect model in the mid-diaphysis of the left forel imb radius was establ ished in 72 rabbits, which thereafter were divided into 4 groups (n=18 per group, 10 females and 8 males): groups A, B and C received 7.5, 15.0 and 30.0 mg/ (kg• d) RLX, respectively, from the 2nd to the 50th postoperative day; group D received no further treatment. The rest untreated 8 rabbits (4 females and 4 males) served as normal control for serum osteocalcin detection. At different postoperative time points, bone mineral density detection, X-ray scanning, biomechanics measurement, histology and immunohistochemistry observations were conducted; serum estradiol, plasma cholesterol, serum osteocalcin and the ratio of uterine weight to body weight were detected. Results The bone mineral density of each group reached a peak 20 days after operation, showing a significant difference between groups A, B and C and group D (P lt; 0.05), and no significant differences among groups A, B and C (P gt; 0.05). On the 30th and 50th postoperative day, the maximum failure load and the maximum displacement of groups A, B andC were greater than those of group D (P lt; 0.05), but no significant differences among groups A, B and C were evident (P gt;0.05). On the 7th, 20th and 30th postoperative day, the X-ray score of fracture heal ing of groups A, B and C was greater than group D (P lt; 0.05); on the 50th postoperative day, there was significant difference between groups B and C and group D, and between group A and group C (Plt; 0.05), and no significant difference was evident between group B and group C (P gt; 0.05). The percentage of new bone formation in the fractured area of groups A, B and C was greater than that of group D on the 30th and 50th postoperative day (P lt; 0.05). For the type II collagen protein secretion in the fractured area, groups B and C were superior to group D on the 30th postoperative day (P lt; 0.05), and there was no significant difference between group A and group D (P gt; 0.05); no significant differences among four groups were evident on the 50th postoperative day (P gt; 0.05). On the 10th, 30th and 50th postoperative day, the serum osteocalcin of groups A, B, C and D was higher than that of normal control (P lt; 0.05), groups B and C were higher than group D (P lt; 0.05), and there was no significant difference between groups A, B and C, and between group A and group D (P gt; 0.05). For the plasma cholesterol, on the 30th postoperative day, no significant change was detected in each group (P gt; 0.05); on the 50th postoperative day, obvious decrease was observed in groups A, B and C, showing a significant difference compared with group D (P lt; 0.05). On the 30th and 50th postoperative day, there was significant difference between groups B and C and group D in serum estradiol (P lt; 0.05), and no significant differences were evident among other groups (P gt; 0.05). On the 30th and 50th postoperative day, the ratio of uterine weight to body weight in groups B and C was less than that of group D (P lt; 0.05), and no significant difference was evident between group A and group C (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion Oral administration of 7.5 mg/ (kg• d) RLX can promote the fracture heal ing of rabbit radius defect models safely and effectively.