Objective To observe the features of the images of optical coherence tomograpy (OCT) in patients with traumatic macular hole (TMH), and detect the clinical significance of OCT. Methods Consecutive 74 patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with TMH by examinations of visual acuity, slit lamp, and direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT). The analysis software of OCT was used to make the quantitative measurements of TMH. And the TMH were classified according to the morphological characteristics of the images of OCT. 50deg;color fundus photography was performed on the patients after OCT. The relationship of TMH with the average visual acuity, disease duration, average neuroepithelial thickness on the margin of hole, and the base diameter and the apex diameter of macular hole were retrospectively analyzed. Results The characterisctics of the images of 74 cases (74 eyes) of TMH were classified into 5 types: macular holes with symmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 27 eyes (36.5%), macular holes with asymmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 12 eyes (16.2%), macular hole with full-thickness defect of neurosensory retina without edema or detachment at the margin in 14 eyes (18.9%), macular hole with localized detachment of the neurosensory retina at the margin without edema in 17 eyes (23.0%), and macular hole with thinning neurosensory retina in 4 eyes ( 5.4%). There was no significant difference of visual acuity among different types of TMH (F=1.574, P=0.191). The visual acuity was positively related with the marginal retinal thickness (r=0.342, P=0.003), but not related to age, diameter of macular hole or the disease duration (r value was from －0.022 to －0.134，P value was from 0.863 to 0.261）. The disease duration of Type IV TMH was shorter than that of other TMH types. In the patients with the disease duration over 90 days, Type I TMH was predominant. The average retinal thicknesses at the margin of the hole showed significant differences among different TMH types (F=13.921, P=0.000). Conclusions TMH could be divided into 5 types according to the characteristics of images of OCT; the clinical characteristics of different types of TMH varies.